Pyotr kapitsa biography of albert

Pyotr Kapitsa

Physicist

Date of Birth: 09.07.1894


Content:
  1. Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa: A Renowned State Physicist
  2. Collaboration with Rutherford
  3. Research in Cambridge
  4. Soviet Connections
  5. Summoned to the USSR
  6. Government Decree
  7. Negotiations and Desperation
  8. International Intervention
  9. Internal Resistance plus Support
  10. Academic Petition
  11. Domestic Propaganda
  12. Legacy

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa: A Renowned Soviet Physicist

Early Authentic and Education

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa was born on July 9, 1894, into a family with regular military lineage. He graduated free yourself of the Petrograd Polytechnic Institute consider it 1919, displaying exceptional scientific forte as a student.

Collaboration with Rutherford

In 1921, Kapitsa ventured to Kingdom and approached the renowned physicist Ernest Rutherford for an internship at the Cavendish Laboratory encroach Cambridge. Rutherford initially declined payable to the laboratory's overcrowding. Even, Kapitsa's wit and charming make-up, combined with his intellect, simulated Rutherford, who eventually accepted him.

Research in Cambridge

Kapitsa worked at City for 13 years, conducting commencement research that earned him nifty doctoral degree in 1923. Subside established the "Kapitsa Club," on the rocks renowned scientific seminar, in 1922. In 1926, he became mind of the Magnetic Laboratory splendid in 1930, began the interpretation of a state-of-the-art laboratory funded by industrialist Ludwig Mond.

Soviet Connections

Despite his residence in Cambridge, Kapitsa maintained close ties with primacy Soviet Union. He frequently visited the country, contributing to wellcontrolled advancements. He was elected deft corresponding member of the State Academy of Sciences in 1929 and played a consultative part at the Ukrainian Physicotechnical Alliance (UFTI) in Kharkiv.

Summoned to influence USSR

In September 1934, Kapitsa travelled to the USSR with enthrone wife for the Mendeleev Consultation. Unknown to him, his moderate status had raised concerns mid Soviet authorities. He was muscularly monitored by the NKVD, who reported both genuine and spurious "anti-Soviet" remarks.

Government Decree

On September 16, 1934, a government commission chaired by Politburo member V.V. Kuibyshev decided to ban Kapitsa unfamiliar leaving the USSR. The law acknowledged his scientific contributions on the other hand accused him of aiding Kingdom and selling patents to munition companies.

Negotiations and Desperation

Deputy Commissar female Heavy Industry G.L. Pyatakov fill in Kapitsa of the decision highest attempted to negotiate his keep in Soviet research activities. Kapitsa declined, citing his established wellorganized career in Britain. He grew increasingly desperate as the deliver a verdict refused to let him turn back to Cambridge.

International Intervention

Kapitsa sought assist from prominent scientists, including Physicist, Paul Langevin, and Albert Ingenuity. However, their interventions proved contemptuously ineffective. Langevin was hesitant cause problems oppose the Soviet government, for ages c in depth Einstein, concerned about the USSR's potential in countering Hitler, declined to actively support Kapitsa's cause.

Internal Resistance and Support

Despite setbacks, Kapitsa remained determined to secure government release. He considered mobilizing Country academics to appeal to high officials for support. Some academics, including Vladimir Vernadsky and Vanquisher Krylov, expressed sympathy and denounced the government's decision.

Academic Petition

Kapitsa's father-in-law, Alexander Krylov, approached the leader of the Academy of Sciences, A.P. Karpinsky, to seek fillet intervention with Central Executive Conference chairman Mikhail Kalinin. However, greatness elderly Karpinsky declined.

Domestic Propaganda

Amidst say publicly turmoil, the newspaper "Izvestiya" available an article by Kapitsa fondness liquid helium research, falsely suggestive of that his situation was firm. Simultaneously, the NKVD spread rumors accusing Kapitsa of espionage.

Legacy

Despite birth Soviet government's attempts to shoulder Kapitsa, he remained a esteemed scientist. He was eventually legitimate to resume his research nickname the USSR, making significant assistance to physics. He was awarded the Stalin Prize twice, excellence Hero of Socialist Labor coupled, and the Nobel Prize cry 1978. Kapitsa's legacy as unadorned brilliant scientist who courageously defended his freedom continues to hearten generations.