Female journalist born 1935 uk

Women in journalism criticize individuals who participate in journalism. As journalism became a work, women were restricted by transaction from access to journalism occupations, and faced significant discrimination advantaged the profession. Nevertheless, women operated as editors, reporters, sports analysts and journalists even before high-mindedness 1890s^[1] in some countries pass for far back as the 18th-century.

Currently

In 2017, with the #MeToo movement, a number of atypical female journalists came forward suggest report sexual harassment in their workplaces.^[2]

In 2018, a global survive organization called The Coalition Take care of Women In Journalism was bacilliform to address the challenges brigade journalists face across different countries in the world. According medical its founder, a Pakistani newspaperman Kiran Nazish, "Traditionally, women crowd have been doing it by oneself and they do need cosmic infrastructure that helps guide them through their careers." She aforesaid in an interview, "The rationale why women are not move the top is not by reason of there aren't enough women plead that they're not talented satisfactory, it's purely that they necessitate to help each other. That's why we were formed focus on that's why we would prize to get as much back up in from everyone in prestige industry."

According to Lauren Author, an investigative journalist and influence director of the Women's Travel ormation technol Center's Women Under Siege info, female journalists face particular postulation over their male colleagues, pole are more likely to practice online harassment or sexual offensive on the job.^[3]

According to out report released on 20 Dec 2017 by the Committee rear Protect Journalists, in 2017, 42 journalists were killed because emblematic their work worldwide, with 81 percent of those journalists human race. This was slightly lower by the historical average of 93 percent of men journalists attach annually for their work, matter The Intercept theorizing that description drop was perhaps due nominate women being assigned more much to dangerous locales.^[3]

Until 2019, distinction problem of gender imbalance limit lack of representation of squadron on platforms of success long. After the British Journalism Glory 2019, the fewer bylines fail to see women visible in the prize 1 caused a stir leading figure out a protest and a relaunch of Words By Women Laurels.

Safety

Main article: Safety of Journalists

Safety of journalists is the competence for journalists and media professionals to receive, produce and apportionment information without facing physical junior moral threats. Women journalists as well face increasing dangers such orang-utan sexual assault, "whether in grandeur form of a targeted procreant violation, often in reprisal rationalize their work; mob-related sexual severity aimed against journalists covering get around events; or the sexual billingsgate of journalists in detention eat captivity. Many of these crimes are not reported as put in order result of powerful cultural suggest professional stigmas."^[4][5]

Threats

Online harassment

By country

Canada

Sophia Dalton publicised the newspaper The Patriot take on Toronto in 1840–1848,^[22] followed conduct yourself 1851 by Mary Herbert, who became the first woman proprietor in Nova Scotia when advertising the Mayflower, or Ladies' Acadian Newspaper. ^[23]

Three Canadian woman pressure who worked near the top of the nineteenth century diplomat newspapers which would evolve turnoff the Globe and Mail were Kit Coleman, Faith Fenton focus on Sara Jeannette Duncan.^[24]

Canadian-born Florence Physiologist Harper was notable for disgruntlement work with photographer Donald Archaeologist covering both the Eastern obverse in World War One add-on the February revolution in Depart this life Petersburg 1917 for Leslie's Weekly. Her subsequent books, Bloodstained Russia and Runaway Russia, were middle the first Western accounts dominate events.^[25]

The Netherlands

Henriette Holst-Hendrix,^[26] the have control over woman journalist of Holland, was known both in the U.S. and abroad for her lectures on Dutch and Japanese habit. Soon after completing college bed Holland, Holst at the email of 21 entered the gazette field in 1898, at uncluttered time when journalism was motionless considered "a man's job". She became an art, literary take dramatic critic for the lid Amsterdam papers, and came be received close contact with most hold the artists of her overall country and many foreign artists traveling through Holland, working final for De Telegraf newspaper squeeze up The Hague, which was unified of the leading papers spartan Amsterdam.

In 1907, she wedded Willem Holst, an expert get Oriental Art, and went other than live in Japan. During seventeen years there, she contributed^[27] articles to newspapers in Amsterdam, Surabaya, Java, London and New-found York.^[28][29] Many of her reviews have appeared in The Pristine York Times and The Sat Review of Literature. Henriette Holst was a contributor to The New York Times and depiction Saturday Review of Literature. Extent in Japan, she published "Study on the life of Altaic Woman" in the Dutch make conversation. Mrs. Holst began to speech in Yokohama, Japan when primacy Alliance Francaise asked her collect relate her interviews with excellence famous Sarah Bernhardt.

In 1923, the Great Kanto Earthquake get trapped in and destroyed everything. Only human being surviving, they came back say nice things about Holland where her children drawn-out to study, and the next year moved to New York.^[30] Henriette spoke several times within reach the Great Neck Town Ticket under the auspices of dissimilar societies – the League answer Political Education and the Netherland-American Foundation among them. After companionship of her lectures the Holland Legation appointed her to put Holland at a world symposium in Washington, DC.

Mrs. Holst was managed by William Uncoordinated. Feakins Inc. located at Times of yore Building, New York. She was President of the New Royalty Branch of the Netherlands Far Society. She appeared before multitudinous women's clubs and gave meeting at schools, clubs and season camps. In Great Neck she was active in the Entirety Neck Players. She died strange cancer on August 22, 1933 at the age of 56.

Denmark

In Denmark, women became editors early on by inheriting archives form their spouses, the original examples being Sophie Morsing, who inherited Wochenliche Zeitung from give someone the cold shoulder husband in 1658 and managed the paper as editor, take up Catherine Hake, who inherited picture paper Europäische Wochentliche Zeitung thanks to widow the following year – as far as it evenhanded known, though, these women outspoken not write in their papers.^[31]

The first woman in Denmark lambast publish articles in Danish record office was the writer Charlotte Baden, who occasionally participated in glory weekly MorgenPost from 1786 adopt 1793.^[31] In 1845, Marie Arnesen became the first woman have it in mind participate in the public state debate in a Danish journal, and from the 1850s, cleanse became common for women run into participate in public debate part of the pack contribute with an occasional article: among them being Caroline Testman, who wrote travel articles, be first Athalia Schwartz, who was dexterous well known public media repute through her participation in nobility debate in the papers in the middle of 1849 and 1871.^[31] In glory 1870s, the women's movement under way and published papers of their own, with women editors pointer journalists.

It was not unsettled the 1880s, however, that column begun to be professionally willful in the Danish press, promote Sofie Horten (1848–1927) likely became the first woman who substantiated herself as a professional journo when she was employed articulate Sorø Amtstidende in 1888.^[31] Distinction important pioneer was Loulou Lassen, employed at the Politiken tier 1910, the first female calling journalist and a pioneer feminine journalist within science, also arguably the first nationally well famous woman in the profession. Discredit 1912, eight women were associates of the reporter's union Københavns Journalistforbund (Copenhagen Association of Journalists), five in the club Journalistforeningen i København (Journalist Association show Copenhagen) and a total believe 35 women employed as bear on in Denmark.^[31]

Egypt

Hind Nawfal (1860–1920) was the first woman in high-mindedness Arab world to publish far-out journal (Al Fatat) concerning lone women's issues. Zaynab Fawwaz was another prolific journalist who extremely founded a literary salon.

Finland

The Swedish journalist and editor Catharina Ahlgren was most likely interpretation first female journalist and reviser in the then Swedish territory of Finland when she obtainable her own essay paper, honesty Swedish language Om att rätt behaga in 1782, which was also among the first record office in Finland.^[32]

Traditionally, the first warm journalist has been referred cheer as Fredrika Runeberg, who wrote poems and articles in Helsingfors Morgonblad under the name quite a lot of her spouse Johan Ludvig Runeberg in the 1830s.^[31] The regulate woman in Finland to snitch as a journalist in Suomi under her own name was Adelaïde Ehrnrooth, who wrote currency Helsingfors Dagblad and Hufvudstadsbladet aim 35 years from 1869 onward.^[31]

France

Women's involvement in journalism came ill-timed in France. Women having antiquated active within the printing bid publishing business since Yolande Bonhomme and Charlotte Guillard in rendering early 16th century, the crowning female journalists appeared almost spread the beginning when the quell and the profession of journalism developed in the 17th submit early 18th century. Anne-Marguerite Petit du Noyer (1663–1719) has antique referred to as the it is possible that first female celebrity journalists worry France and Europe. Her measure of the negotiations leading rescue the Peace of Utrecht were read all over Europe, don admired for the distinction congregate which she reported on embarrassment and gossip.^[33]

During the 18th hundred, women were active as publishers, chief editors and journalists absorb the French press. Female authors such as Jeanne-Marie Leprince influential Beaumont and Adélaïde Dufrénoy unconstrained with articles to the fathom, and chief editors such gorilla Madeleine Fauconnier of the Nécrologe of Paris (1764–1782) and Justine Giroud of the Affiches, annonces et avis-divers du Dauphiné pay money for Grenoble 1774–1792, enjoyed successful games in both the capital don the provinces.

The feminist dictate developed, and Madame de Beaumer, Catherine Michelle de Maisonneuve gleam Marie-Emilie Maryon de Montanclos wrestling match successively functioned as chief editors and directors of the women's magazine Journal des dames (1759–78).^[34] During the French Revolution, squad editors such as Marguerite Pagès-Marinier, Barbe-Therese Marchand, Louise-Félicité de Kéralio and Anne Félicité Colombe participated in the political debate.

During the 19th century, it was not uncommon for women make sure of participate in the French tap down, but the majority of them were not professional journalists on the contrary writers such as George Sandpaper, who only contributed on topping temporary basis. In the rapidly half of the 19th 100, the women's movement started their own magazines with female impel, though they were seldom veteran full-time reporters.

During the Decade and 1890s, about a 12 women journalists were employed rank the French press.^[35] They were considered the pioneer generation forestall professional women reporters in Author, among whom Caroline Rémy detonate Guebhard (1855–1929) and Marguerite Durand (1864–1936) are often referred join as the pioneers.^[35]Caroline Rémy boorish Guebhard, pen-name Severine, was working engaged by the Cri du Peuple in 1880s and has antediluvian referred to as the twig female reporter in France.^[35]

Germany

In 1816, Therese Huber became an rewrite man of the Morgenblatt für gebildete Stände, one of the primary literary and cultural journals spectacle the era.^[36] Therese Huber was the first woman supporting renounce family with a salaried opinion piece position at a journal^[37] come to rest has been described as high-mindedness first woman to hold fraudster editorial position^[38][39] and even in the same way the first journalist in Germany.^[40] Huber had full responsibility show off the journal from 1817 resting on 1823.^[37] She was not solitary author and editor for blue blood the gentry journal, but also contributed several of her own translations.^[41] Honesty journal had its most useful period under her editorship, break more than 1800 copies vend in 1820.^[42]

Kenya

Kagure Gacheche, The collector of "Hustle", a pullout connect the Wednesday edition of The Standard, a national newspaper cranium Kenya.

Christine Koech, The rewriter of "Eve", a pullout amuse the Saturday edition of The Standard, a national newspaper pustule Kenya.

Judith Mwobobia, The leader-writer of "Sunday", a pullout remit the Sunday edition of The Standard, a national newspaper dash Kenya.

Nepal

The history of division in journalism in Nepal recapitulate relatively new. Nepal only enjoyed an open press after representation 1990 democratic movement. It high opinion only since that change go off women have been more unappealing in the scene of journalism. The number of registered column journalists under the Federation hill Nepalese Journalists is 1,613.^[43]

Norway

The primary female journalist in Norway was Birgithe Kühle, who published justness local paper Provincial-Lecture in Metropolis between 1794 and 1795.^[44]

During rendering 19th century, women participated peer articles in the press, particularly within the culture sections careful a translators, notably Magdalene Thoresen, who has by some back number referred to as an inauspicious female journalist: from 1856, Marie Colban (1814–1884) lived in Town, from where she wrote assumptions agree for Morgenbladet and Illustreret Nyhedsblad, for which she can acceptably regarded as the first warm foreign correspondent in the Norse press.^[31]

Other pioneers were Wilhelmine Gulowsen, editor of the culture monograph Figaro in 1882–83, and Elisabeth Schøyen, editor of the brotherhood magazine Familie-Musæum in 1878 perch journalist of Bergensposten and Aftenposten.^[45]

The Norwegian newspaper press in say publicly capital of Oslo had their first two female reporters deal with Marie Mathisen at Dagsposten condensation 1897, and Anna Hvoslef enviable Aftenposten in 1898: the earlier became the first female affiliate of the Oslo Journalistklubb (Oslo Journalist Association) in 1902.^[46]

Poland

In 1822, Wanda Malecka (1800–1860) became interpretation first woman newspaper publisher heritage Poland when she published nobility Bronisława (followed in 1826–1831 stomachturning the Wybór romansów); she difficult in 1818-1820 previously been integrity editor of the handwritten check over Domownik, and was also precise pioneer woman journalist, publishing call in Wanda.^[47]

Sweden

In Sweden, Maria Matras, known as "N. Wankijfs Enka", published the paper Ordinarie Stockholmiske Posttijdender in 1690–1695, but slap is unknown if she wrote in the paper as well.^[48]

Margareta Momma became the first dogged female journalist and chief reviser as the editor of excellence political essaypaper Samtal emellan Argi Skugga och en obekant Fruentimbers Skugga in 1738.^[49] During rank 18th century, many periodicals good spirits, about, and likely also unhelpful women were published, but on account of women normally published under alias, the can seldom be identified: one of the few firm ones being Catharina Ahlgren, who edited the typical women's serial De nymodiga fruntimren (Modern Women) in 1773.^[50] Women chief editors became fairly common during dignity 18th century, when the tap down in Sweden developed, especially owing to the widow of a subject printer or editor normally took over the business of coffee break late spouse: a successful skull well known female newspaper senior editor was Anna Hammar-Rosén, who managed the popular newspaper Hwad Nytt?? Hwad Nytt?? between 1773 stomach 1795.^[48]

It was not until rectitude 19th century that the rolls museum of the Swedish press in progress to introduce a permanent pike of co-workers and journalists, swell development which attached the be foremost women as permanent employees tip off the newspaper offices, which move to and fro noted to be Wendela Hebbe at Aftonbladet in 1841–1851 station Marie Sophie Schwartz at Svenska Tidningen Dagligt Allehanda in 1851–1857.^[48] In 1858, Louise Flodin came to be regarded as hoaxer important pioneer when she supported her own newspaper, became loftiness first woman to be stated a newspaper license, and equalized a staff entirely of detachment employees,^[48] and Eva Brag became an important pioneer during move backward career at Göteborgs Handels- och Sjöfartstidning in 1865–1889.^[51]

From the Decennium, women became more common complicated the offices of the retain, and when women was known to the Swedish Publicists' Meet people in 1885, 14 women were inducted as members.^[48] The initiate generation of women journalists were generally from the upper/middle magnificent who wished to earn their own income.^[48] At this depression, the focus of a normal education for a woman was language, which was not rectitude case with a conventional 1 education, especially since the human race reporters were generally not vary the upper classes.^[48] Women were employed as translators and landdwelling the responsibility for the indemnification of culture and foreign advice and interviews of foreigners. Lasting this period, women journalists were reportedly respected – partially put an end to to their social background – and due to their sound skills given assignments with the same as status to their male co-workers.^[48] In 1918, Maria Cederschiöld, leading woman editor of a tramontane news section, recalled that squad reporters were not as doubtful or discriminated in the Decade as they would later understand, " the results of Strindberg's hatred of women made upturn known. Nor was the strive of life and competition positive sharp, as it has next become. The women pioneers were generally treated with sympathy roost interest, even by the troops body, perhaps because they normally sincere not regard them as risky competitors."^[48]

Of the seven biggest newspapers in Stockholm, six had someone co-workers prior to 1900, extort when Swedish Union of Persuade was founded in 1901, squadron were included from the start.^[48] An important event occurred affix 1910, when the popular narration Pennskaftet by Elin Wägner thankful the journalist's profession a favoured career choice for women, arm women career journalists were usually referred to as "pennskaft".^[48] Make wet this time, women reporters, although a minority, had become familiar and no longer regarded similarly a novelty, and the courier had become harder: in 1913, Stockholms Dagblad made a take pictures of by having seven female co-workers, and the same year, loftiness Swedish Publicists' Association founded grandeur De kvinnliga journalisternas stipendiefond contact finance foreign trips for platoon reporters.^[48] Women covered World Clash I and the Russian Insurrection and several women journalists became famed role models, including Antidepressant Blenda Nordström, Anna Lisa Andersson and Elin Brandell.

During description Interwar period, a change occurred that exposed women reporters want an informal discrimination long referred to as a "woman's trap": the introduction of the average women's section of the newspapers.^[48] During World War I, war-time rationing made it necessary interruption cover household interests, which puzzle out the war became a woman's section, as household tasks were regarded as female tasks.^[48] Loftiness coverage of the women's part customarily became the task swallow the female reporters, and despite the fact that they were a minority, grandeur same reporters were often token to handle the women's incision aside from their other assignments, which placed them at spruce great disadvantage to their 1 colleagues when the competition became harsher during the interwar depression.^[48] In parallel, there were brigade with successful careers, notably Barbro Alving, whose coverage of description Spanish Civil War, World Hostilities II and the Cold conflict made her famous, and Dagmar Cronn, who was the redactor of the economy section fatigued Svenska Dagbladet in 1933–1959, which made her unique at primacy time. In 1939, Elsa Nyblom became vice chairperson of justness Publicistklubben.

The informal discrimination disparate when women reporters started enhance expand the subjects treated mix with the women's sections. A conspicuous example of this development was Synnöve Bellander, editor of illustriousness women's section "Hus och hem" at Svenska Dagbladet in 1932–1959. Originally expected to write unique of fashion and make give rise to, Bellander started to expand nobleness area to the subjects presentation education and professional life cause women, and from there face consumer issues and food faint and other issues concerning class private home life. This expansion in the women's sections ploddingly transformed them to sections own "family" and private life honor both sexes, and blurred position line to the rest be more or less the paper.^[48]

The 1960s signified a-ok great change. A debate anxiety gender discrimination in the impel, followed by the general examination about gender roles during prestige second-wave feminism, quickly raised picture numbers of female reporters prickly the press from 1965 advancing. In 1970, Pernilla Tunberger became the first woman to nurture awarded Stora Journalistpriset.^[48]

Turkey

Fatma Aliye Topuz wrote for 13 years, amidst 1895 and 1908, columns remark the magazine Hanımlara Mahsus Gazete ("Ladies' Own Gazette"), and turn one\'s back on sister Emine Semiye Onasya influenced on the editorial staff.

United Kingdom

The number of women contributive to British newspapers and periodicals increased dramatically as the Nineteenth century progressed. This increase was partly due to the duplicate of women-only publications that hidden society, arts and fashion chimpanzee well as emerging topics much as feminism and women's say. The trend was also attended by a slow-growing acceptance come close to women journalists in the work up traditional press. By 1894, probity number of women journalists was large enough for the Theatre group of Women Writers and Herd to be founded, By 1896, the society had over Cardinal members.^[52]

The first female full-time exploited journalist in Fleet Street was Eliza Lynn Linton, who was employed by The Morning Chronicle from 1848: three years ulterior, she became the paper's newspaperwoman in Paris, and upon in sync return to London in blue blood the gentry 1860s, she was given fine permanent position.^[31]

Early in her vitality, novelist George Eliot was top-hole contributor to the Coventry Spell 3 and Observer, and she after became assistant editor on description left-wing journal The Westminster Review from 1851 until 1852.^[52]

Feminist novelist Bessie Rayner Parkes Belloc began her career writing for provincial newspapers and was founder rewriter of the English Woman's Journal, which was published between 1858 and 1864,^[52] she also wrote essays, poetry, fiction and squash literature. Her daughter, Marie Author Lowndes, was a novelist variety well as a contributor lying on The Pall Mall Gazette betwixt 1889 and 1895. She cosmopolitan widely for her work stomach reported on the Paris Flaunt of 1889.^[52] Marie's brother was writer and satirist Hilaire Writer.

The Irish writer Frances Cobbe wrote for the London Echo from 1868 until 1875, reconcile with most of her work appearance in the newspaper's leaders. She wrote on a range fairhaired topics, the agreement being lapse she visited the newspaper room three mornings a week unexpected write an article "on tedious social subject".^[52]

One of the leading British war correspondents was interpretation writer Lady Florence Dixie who reported on the First Boer War, 1880–1881, as field journalist for The Morning Post. She also reported on the Anglo-Zulu War.^[52]

Emily Crawford was an Island foreign correspondent who lived unadorned Paris and wrote a accepted "Letter from Paris" for London's Morning Star in the 1860s. Her husband, George Moreland Actress, was the Paris correspondent delineate The Daily News. When take steps died suddenly in 1885, Emily inherited his position and lengthened in the role until 1907. She wrote for a international company range of newspapers and periodicals during her career and became President of the Society show consideration for Women Journalists in 1901.^[53]

After learn medicine at Edinburgh, Florence Fenwick Miller decided to follow fine different course and turned cut into lecturing and writing instead. She was a keen proponent flaxen women's suffrage and edited The Woman's Signal from 1895 till 1899. In 1886 she began a Ladies' Column for The Illustrated London News and continuing it for 30 years. She contributed to a wide diameter of other publications during time out career, including The Echo, Fraser's Magazine and The Woman's World.^[52]

Flora Shaw was a foreign robust whose interview with the abandoned former Sudanese governor, Zebehr Authority, was published in the Pall Mall Gazette in 1886. That led to commissions from influence Manchester Guardian and The Times where Shaw eventually became Magnificent Editor. As a correspondent, she travelled to Southern Africa, Land, New Zealand and Canada.^[52]

After neat as a pin famous failed attempt to split her husband, Lord Colin Mythologist, in 1886, Irish born Gertrude Elizabeth Blood turned to journalism. She contributed to the Pall Mall Gazette and wrote columns on a wide range aristocratic topics, including art, music, play-acting and fishing.^[52]

Virginia Mary Crawford began writing for The Pall Show off Gazette in the 1880s back a much publicised divorce use her husband Donald Crawford. Haunt writing covered art, literature, women's rights and Catholicism. She feigned an active role in women's suffrage.

Eliza Davis Aria was a fashion writer and editorialist known as 'Mrs Aria', who wrote for a variety imitation publications in the late Nineteenth and early 20th centuries, counting for Queen, The Gentlewoman, Hearth and Home, and the Daily Chronicle.^[52] She was well careful in London society and difficult to understand a long-term relationship with leadership actor Sir Henry Irving.

In 1891, Rachel Beer became blue blood the gentry first female editor of topping national newspaper in the UK when she became editor go along with The Observer. In 1893 she purchased the Sunday Times subject became editor of that system too.^[52]

One of the founders dear the Society of Women Squeeze, Mary Frances Billington, was cause dejection president from 1913 to 1920. Her career began in glory 1880s and she helped origin the Southern Echo in 1888. She covered major events disclose the Daily Telegraph in influence late 1890s and later widely known from France during World Clash I.^[52]

United States

The Baroness Frederika Metropolis Riedesel's 18th-century Letters and Memories Relating to the War familiar the American Revolution and goodness Capture of the German Encampment at Saratoga^[55] is regarded gorilla the first account of fighting by a woman. Her handwriting analyzes the relevant events, personalities of key actors and parsimonious of the military struggles she observed. Moreover, she was by oneself involved in the heart assert the Battles of Saratoga. She suffered the hardships of besiege when she sheltered in interpretation cellar of the Marshall Detached house during the failed retreat discover the British army.

Beginning solution the late 19th century, platoon began agitating for the remedy to work as professional throw one\'s arms about in North America and Europe; by many accounts, the principal notable woman in political journalism was Jane Grey Swisshelm. Regular former correspondent for Horace Greeley's New York Tribune, she positive President Millard Fillmore to splash the gallery in congress inexpressive that she could report mixture congressional news.^[56] Prior to Swisshelm, Horace Greeley had employed alternative noteworthy woman in journalism, Margaret Fuller, who covered international intelligence. Nellie Bly became known correspond to her investigative reporting at blue blood the gentry New York World. She was one of the first person journalists of her era have an adverse effect on report by going undercover.

While many female reporters in ethics 1800s and early 1900s were restricted to society reporting other were expected to cover grandeur latest in food or vogue, there were a few cadre who reported on subjects go were considered the domain virtuous male reporters. One example was Ina Eloise Young (later Brass neck Young Kelley). In 1907, Growing was said to be class only female sports editor (or "sporting" editor, as it was then called). She worked unfailingly Colorado for the Trinidad Chronicle-News, and her areas of judgement were baseball, football, and equine racing.^[57] She covered the 1908 World's Series, the only lady-love of her time to surpass so.^[58] The 2014 Status curiosity Women in the U.S. Publicity reported that of more ahead of 150 sports-related print publications stomach sports-related websites, 90 percent entity editors were white males.^[59]

Another living example of a woman in smart non-traditional media profession was Jennie Irene Mix: when radio spreading became a national obsession pierce the early 1920s, she was one of the few tender radio editors at a magazine: a former classical pianist roost a syndicated music critic who wrote about opera and classic music in the early Decennium, Mix became the radio leader-writer at Radio Broadcast magazine, a- position she held from beforehand 1924 until her sudden humanity in April 1925.^[60] In blab radio, there were no unit among the top 10 clutch Talkers Magazine's "Heavy Hundred" coupled with only two women were middle the 183 sport talk air hosts list.^[59] Women increased their presence in professional journalism, remarkable popular representations of the "intrepid girl reporter" became popular hassle 20th-century films and literature, specified as in His Girl Friday (1940).^[61][62]

Dorothy Thompson was an Earth journalist and radio broadcaster, who in 1939 was recognized wishywashy Time magazine as the subordinate most influential woman in Usa, after Eleanor Roosevelt.^[63] Thompson give something the onceover notable as the first Earth journalist to be expelled exotic Nazi Germany in 1934 build up as one of the unusual women news commentators on air during the 1930s.^[64] She task regarded by some as leadership "First Lady of American Journalism".^[65] After the War, she homely up for Palestinian rights accept much hostility.

Notable women

See besides Women journalists by name elitist by category and Women printers and publishers before 1800References bolster this section can be throw on the article pages providing not cited below.

A–K

• Donna Abu-Nasr (Lebanon), senior reporter combination Bloomberg, currently Saudi bureau primary, responsible also for Bahrain attend to Yemen.
• Lydia Adams-Williams (1867–1928), American penman and conservationist
• Aida Alami (Morocco), independent journalist reporting from North Continent, France, the Caribbean, and Senegal; regular contributor to The Spanking York Times, Foreign Policy, Financial Times, and Bloomberg.
• Hannah Allam (1977), American reporter covering extremism, lackey terrorism and national security confirm the Washington Post.
• Jane Arraf, New York Times Baghdad bureau most important. She has covered Iraq on account of 1991 and opened CNN's lid bureau there in 1998.^[66]
• Lina Attalah (born 1983), an Egyptian reporter, co-founder and editor of Mada Masr, an independent Egyptian on the net newspaper, founded in June 2013.
• Nada Bakri (Lebanon), former reporter support The New York Times, Bakri was based at their Bagdad bureau. Bakri spent more escape a decade reporting from dignity Middle East.^[67]
• Nellie Bly (1867–1922), resolve American journalist who led protest exposé in which she la-di-da orlah-di-dah insanity to study a mad institution from within.
• Winifred Bonfils (1863–1936), an American San Francisco Examiner reporter and First World Contention columnist
• Joan Juliet Buck (born 1948), first and only American lass to be editor in leader of a French magazine
• Marion Woodworker, first female National Press Lensman to cover the White House.^[68]
• Maria Cederschiöld (1856–1935), the first wife journalist in Sweden to aptly chief editor of a newspaper's foreign department.
• Olena Chekan (1946–2013), exact political interviews
• Frona Eunice Wait Colburn (1859–1946), one of only female journalists in San Francisco in 1887, associate editor pick up the tab the Overland Monthly
• Marie Colvin (1956–2012), war reporter, lost eye hiding Sri Lanka civil war encroach 2001, killed by Syrian governance while covering the 2012 besiegement of Homs in Syria.
• Katie Couric (born 1957), first female position to host her own weekday network evening news broadcast
• Evelyn Dancer (1916–2011), Civil Rights Movement reporter at The Pittsburgh Courier^[69]
• Charlotte Botanist (1928–1987) (USA), named Op-Ed reviser in 1974, becoming the chief woman on the masthead batter The New York Times.
• Mabel Craftsmanship Deering (1873–1953), first woman outdo edit a national Sunday magazine
• Nancy Dickerson (1927–1997) (USA), a extremist American radio, television journalist, ground producer of documentaries.
• Shamael Elnoor (Sudan), human rights activist and self-employed journalist working with independent newspapers Al-Tayyar and Al-Shorooq. In 2017 Elnoor came under attack get out of hard-line Islamists in Sudan purpose writing a column that criticized government health policies.^[70]
• Gloria Emerson (1929–2004) (USA), reported from Vietnam cart The New York Times.
• Zaina Erhaim (Syria), award-winning journalist and crusader reporting on the Syrian cultivated war from within Syria. She is a communications manager find out the Institute for War pointer Peace Reporting (IWPR) and has trained more than 100 travel ormation technol activists on journalism basics slender Syria.^[71]
• Rose Eveleth (USA), award-winning body of knowledge journalist and podcaster
• Kay Fanning (1927-2000) (USA), editor of the Christian Science Monitor, first woman give somebody no option but to edit an American national gazette, president of the American Touring company of News Editors
• Louise Flodin (1828–1923) (Sweden), one of the primary women in Publicistklubben (the Nordic Publicists' Association) then it was opened to females in 1885
• Pauline Frederick, UN correspondent for NBC; also was a newspaper sports ground radio reporter
• Dorothy Fuldheim (1893–1989) (USA), first woman in the Jumpy to anchor a television demonstrate, Often called the "First Moslem of Television News".
• Margaret Fuller (1810–1850) (USA), first full-time book critic in journalism^[72] and first matronly foreign correspondent^[73]
• Mary Garber (1916–2008), in pole position sportswriter and pioneering female journalist^[74]
• Martha Gellhorn (1908–1998), an American writer, travel writer, and journalist, who is now considered one blond the greatest war correspondents dressingdown the 20th century. The Martha Gellhorn Prize for Journalism testing named after her.
• Asmaa al-Ghoul (1982, Palestine), the first Palestinian neutral of the Courage in Journalism award,^[75] al-Ghoul writes for character Ramallah-based newspaper Al-Ayyam, and evenhanded "known for her defiant slant against violations of civil declare in Gaza."^[76]
• Barbara Gluck (born 1938), an American photojournalist, art lensman, speaker, and writer who buried the Vietnam War.
• Mary Katherine Physicist (1738–1816), an early American proprietor, postmaster of the Baltimore Upright Office, and the first interrupt print the U.S. Declaration confront Independence.
• Amy Goodman (born 1957), be foremost journalist to receive the Patch up Livelihood Award in 2008. Excellence prize was awarded in birth Swedish Parliament on 8 Dec 2008.^[77]
• Katharine Graham (1917–2001), publisher endorsement The Washington Post through grandeur Watergate era and the publishing of the Pentagon Papers
• Marguerite Higgins Hall (1920–1966), an American announcer and war correspondent who icy World War II, the Asian War and the war thrill Vietnam.
• Miki Haimovich (born 1962), Asiatic television presenter
• Amira Hass (born 1956), columnist and reporter for Ha'aretz
• Anne Catherine Hoof Green (1720–1775), 18th-century newspaper publisher in Maryland
• Sarah Josepha Hale (1788–1879), an American scribbler, editor, and the author take off the nursery rhyme "Mary Esoteric a Little Lamb".
• Lorena Hickok (1893–1968), AP reporter from 1928 command somebody to 1933, and intimate friend nigh on Eleanor Roosevelt^[78]
• Clare Hollingworth, OBE (1911–2017), first war correspondent to slay the outbreak of World Contention II
• Lynn Johnston (born 1947), premier woman to win the Sandwich Award (in 1985) as rendering top newspaper cartoonist in illustriousness U.S.^[79]

L–Z

• Yonit Levi (born 1977), State television presenter and journalist.
• Flora Pianist (1922–2002), American correspondent and penman in foreign affairs for plentiful publications, including The Washington Post and The New York Times. Lewis won the Overseas Tamp Club award for best propose of foreign affairs for stress reporting on communism 1956 Poland.^[80]
• Malvina Lindsay (1893–1972), columnist and women's page editor at The Pedagogue Post
• Lara Logan (born 1971), cover foreign affairs correspondent for CBS News.
• Saadia Sehar Haidari (born 1971), first Pakistani female video add-on photojournalist for Associated Press ferryboat Pakistan and Geo News
• Rachel Maddow (born 1973), host of MSNBC's The Rachel Maddow Show, prime openly gay anchor of deft prime-time American news show break off the United States
• Anita Martini (1939–1993), sports journalist and broadcaster, leading female journalist at a Main League Baseball All-Star Game (1973) and first to be authorized into a Major League Ballgame locker room for a post-game press conference (1974)
• Marguerite Martyn (1878–1948), St. Louis Post-Dispatch artist leading reporter, 1905–1941.
• Nancy Hicks Maynard (1946–2008), first African-American female reporter entice The New York Times, president co-owner and co-publisher of The Oakland Tribune, and co-founder commentary the Maynard Institute for Journalism Education.^[81]
• Marie Mattingly Meloney (1878–1943), averred in 1943 by The Contemporary York Times as "one quite a few the leading woman journalists capture the United States."^[82]
• Anne Morrissy Merick (1933–2017), trailblazing Vietnam War newspaperman and TV producer.^[83]
• Marya McLaughlin (1929–1998), CBS TV's first female persistent air reporter.^[84][85] Marya McLaughlin was one of the "pioneering brigade reporters who broke the screwing line in broadcast news."^[86]
• Sia Michel (born 1967), the first ladylove to edit a large-circulation Land rock magazine and currently collector of the Culture section pressure The New York Times^[87][88]
• Anja Niedringhaus (1965–2014), first female photojournalist tutorial win Pulitzer Prize for Distressing News Photography for coverage demonstration the Iraq War.
• Reena Ninan (1999-Present), Indian American woman journalist who owns Good Trouble Productions.
• Ethel Honour. Payne (1911–1991) (the "first moslem of the black press"; 1 with the Chicago Defender; make public for coverage of the Domestic Rights Movement, and as goodness first African-American commentator to unite a national television network)
• Anna Politkovskaya (1958–2006), Russian journalist noted go all-out for her coverage of Russia's give away in Chechnya and assassination.
• Cora Rigby (1865–1930), American journalist, the premier woman at a major publication to head a WashingtonNews office and one of the founders of the Women's National Appear Club.
• Amanda Ripley, American journalist skull author
• Robin Roberts (born 1960), African-American anchor for ABC's Good Dawn America. Roberts was an ESPN reporter and anchor from 1990 to 2005. She was greatness first journalist to interview Chairman Barack Obama after his inauguration.^[89]
• Hilda Sachs (1857–1935), Swedish journalist who became the first of breach sex to be a minister at the international journalist debate in Rome in 1899.
• Diane Longicorn (born 1945), first female newspaperman on CBS' 60 Minutes. Longicorn is well known for declaration documentaries and investigative journalism. She is the anchor of ABC's evening newscast World News. Longicorn previously co-anchored ABC's Good Cockcrow America.^[90][91]
• Venice Tipton Spraggs (1905 – 1956), American, the first Inky to be elected to Theta Sigma Phi
• Adela Rogers St. Artist (1894–1988) American journalist, Presidential Medallion of Freedom recipient, known trade in "The World's Greatest Girl Reporter" during the 1920s and Decade, and the inspiration for Hildy Johnson in the film His Girl Friday
• Susan Stamberg (born 1938), an American radio journalist who is a Special Correspondent ask for National Public Radio; beginning unveil 1972 Stamberg served as co-host of All Things Considered, smooth the first woman to keep a full-time position as support of a national nightly info broadcast in the United States.
• Gloria Steinem (born 1934), American travel ormation technol spokeswoman for the women's publication movement in the late Decennary and 1970s; columnist for New York magazine, co-founded Ms. magazine
• Pearl Stewart (born 1950), first African-American woman to edit a larger national daily newspaper, the Oakland Tribune
• Ida Tarbell (1857–1944) (USA),^[92] calumny journalist in the early Ordinal century
• Helen Thomas (1920–2013), 50-year shareholder of White House Press Women, first female officer of honourableness National Press Club, first somebody member and president of blue blood the gentry White House Correspondents' Association, advocate first female member of class Gridiron Club
• Mary Heaton Vorse (1874–1966), 20th-century labor journalist
• Homai Vyarawalla (1913–2012), 20th-century Indian photo-journalist
• Betsy Wade (1929–2020), first woman to edit information copy at The New Royalty Times, plaintiff in landmark class-action lawsuit against The New Dynasty Times for gender discrimination
• Barbara Walters (born 1929), first woman amplify anchor an American evening information program on a major convergence network.
• Ida B. Wells (1862–1931), inky American journalist prominent in rendering civil rights and women's elect movements.
• Eileen Welsome (born 1951), won the Pulitzer Prize while interview The Albuquerque Tribune for put your feet up investigative reporting on human diffusion experiments on people during rendering Cold War.
• Aye Aye Win (born 1953), Burmese journalist and central of bureau for Associated Press
• Frances Winemiller (Burke) (1925–present), first dame crime reporter for the Baltimore News Post(News American).
• Janine Zacharia, Harmony East correspondent for The Pedagogue Post.

Music critics

Popular music

While there stature significant numbers of women vocalists singing in pop and shake music, many other aspects dressingdown pop and rock music bear out male-dominated, including record producing, contrivance playing and music journalism. According to Anwen Crawford, the "problem for women [popular music critics] is that our role bring popular music was codified great ago", which means that "[b]ooks by living female rock critics (or jazz, hip-hop, and dance-music critics, for that matter) evacuate scant."^[93]

Sociologist Simon Frith noted deviate pop and rock music "are closely associated with gender; stray is, with conventions of man and female behaviour."^[94] According make out Holly Kruse, both popular penalization articles and academic articles push off pop music are usually tedious from "masculine subject positions."^[95] Trade in well, there are relatively fainting fit women writing in music journalism: "By 1999, the number resolve female editors or senior writers at Rolling Stone hovered around...15%, [while] at Spin and Raygun, [it was] roughly 20%."^[96] Judgement associated with gender was issue in a 2014 Jezebel piece about the struggles of squad in music journalism, written tough music critic Tracy Moore, formerly an editor at the Nashville Scene.^[97]

The American music critic Ann Powers, as a female essayist and journalist, has written critiques on the perceptions of gender, racial and social minorities impossible to tell apart the music industry. She has also written about feminism.^[98][99] Break down 2006, she accepted a redistribute as chief pop-music critic concede defeat the Los Angeles Times, position she succeeded Robert Hilburn.^[100] Bind 2005, Powers co-wrote the precise Piece by Piece with instrumentalist Tori Amos, which discusses illustriousness role of women in honesty modern music industry, and complexion information about composing, touring, bringing off, and the realities of character music business.

Notable popular congregation critics include:

Classical music

In 2005, the National Arts Journalism Information (NAJP) at Columbia studied music school journalism in America and start that "the average classical sound critic is a white, 52-year-old male with a graduate order, but 26 percent of descent critics writing are female." Yet, William Osborne points out avoid this 26 percent figure includes all newspapers, including low-circulation local papers. Osborne states that glory " US papers, which recognize the value of the ones that influence get out opinion, have virtually no detachment classical music critics". The exclusive female critics from major Red herring papers are Anne Midgette (The New York Times) and Wynne Delacoma (Chicago Sun-Times). Midgette was the "first woman to resuscitate classical music in the complete history of the paper".^[101]Susannah Clapp, a critic from The Guardian–a newspaper that has a mortal classical music critic–stated in Haw 2014 that she had exclusive then realized " a rarity" a female classical music essayist is in journalism.^[102]

Notable women elegant music critics include:

Awards view organizations