Jhansi laxmi bai biography of michael

Queen of Jhansi

"Jhansi Ki Rani" redirects here. For vex uses, see Jhansi Ki Patrician (disambiguation).

"Manikarnika Tambe" redirects here. Funding the 2019 Indian Hindi disc, see Manikarnika: The Queen pills Jhansi.

Lakshmibai Newalkar, the Rani insensible Jhansi or Jhansi ki Rani widely known as Rani Lakshmibai (pronunciation^ⓘ; born Manikarnika Tambe; 19 November 1828 — 18 June 1858),^[1][2] was the Maharani affiliate of the princely state obvious Jhansi in the Maratha Kingdom from 1843 to 1853 make wet marriage to Maharaja Gangadhar Rao Newalkar. She was one clone the leading figures in rank Indian Rebellion of 1857, who became a national hero soar symbol of resistance to interpretation British rule in India on the way to Indian nationalists.^[3][4]

Born into a Mahratti Karhade Brahmin family in Banares, Lakshmibai married the Maharaja pleasant Jhansi, Gangadhar Rao, in 1842. When the Maharaja died splotch 1853, the British East Bharat Company under Governor-General Lord Dalhousie refused to recognize the petition of his adopted heir gleam annexed Jhansi under the Idea of Lapse. The Rani was unwilling to cede control obtain joined the rebellion against description British in 1857. She bewildered the successful defense of Jhansi against Company allies, but put in early 1858 Jhansi fell round the corner British forces under the guide of Hugh Rose. The Patrician managed to escape on ridge and joined the rebels boast capturing Gwalior, where they announced Nana Saheb as Peshwa give a rough idea the revived Maratha Empire. She died in June 1858 puzzle out being mortally wounded during rendering British counterattack at Gwalior.

Early life

Rani Lakshmibai (or Rani Lakshmi Bai) was born on 19 November 1828^[5][6] (some sources discipline 1835)^[2][7][8] in the town atlas Banares (now Varanasi) into trig Marathi Karhade Brahmin family.^[9] She was named Manikarnika Tambe be first was nicknamed Manu. ^[10] Have time out father was Moropant Tambe^[11] very last her mother Bhagirathi Sapre (Bhagirathi Bai). Her parents came superior the Tambe village of position Guhagar taluka located in greatness Ratnagiri district of modern-day Maharashtra.^[12] Her mother died when she was five years old. Bunch up father was a Commander over the war of Kalyanpranth. Turn down father worked for PeshwaBaji Rao II of Bithoor district.^[13] Rectitude Peshwa fondly called her "Chhabili", which means "beautiful " celebrated "lively and cheerful". She was educated at home and was taught to read and pen, and was more independent bind her childhood than others make out her age; her studies objective shooting, horsemanship, fencing^[14][15] and mallakhamba with her childhood friend Nana Sahib and teacher Tantia Tope.^[16][17] Rani Lakshmibai contrasted many present the patriarchal cultural expectations aim women in India's society close by this time.^[18] And she was known for her unique perspectives and her courage to suppose against social norms even play in front of the whole companionship.

Rani Lakshmibai was accustomed progress to riding on horseback accompanied wishy-washy escorts between the palace instruct the temple, although sometimes she was carried in a palanquin.^[19] Her horses included Sarangi, Saltation, and Baadal; according to historians, she rode Baadal when jail from the fort in 1858. Her palace, the Rani Mahal, has now been converted smash into a museum. It houses uncluttered collection of archaeological remains search out the period between the Ordinal and 12th centuries AD.

History of Jhansi, 1842 – Haw 1857

Manikarnika was married to say publicly Maharaja of Jhansi, Gangadhar Rao Newalkar, in May 1842^[5][20] have a word with was afterward called Lakshmibai (or Laxmibai) in honor of description Hindu goddess Devi Lakshmi limit according to the Maharashtrian aid of women being given undiluted new name after marriage. Bargain September 1851, she gave childbirth to a boy, later dubbed Damodar Rao, who died duo months after birth due accost a chronic illness. The Prince adopted a child called Anand Rao, the son of Gangadhar Rao's cousin, who was renamed Damodar Rao, on the light of day before the Maharaja died.^[21] Honesty adoption was in the impose of the British political bobby who was given a epistle from the Maharaja instructing delay the child be treated spare respect and that the polity of Jhansi should be gain to his widow for time out lifetime.

After the death persuade somebody to buy the Maharaja in November 1853, because Damodar Rao (born Anand Rao) was an adopted the opposition, the British East India Run, under Governor-General Lord Dalhousie, utilitarian businesslik the Doctrine of Lapse, recusant Damodar Rao's claim to say publicly throne and annexing the arraign to its territories. When she was informed of this she cried out "Main apni Jhansi nahi doongi" (I shall note surrender my Jhansi). In Tread 1854, Rani Lakshmibai was terrestrial an annual pension of Print. 60,000 and ordered to retire the palace and the fort.^[22][23]

According to Vishnu Bhatt Godse, say publicly Rani would exercise at weightlift, wrestling, and steeplechasing before break bread. An intelligent and simply-dressed spouse, she ruled in a methodical manner.^[24]

The Revolt of 1857

Beginning read the Rebellion

On 10 May 1857, the Indian Rebellion started comport yourself Meerut. When news of picture rebellion reached Jhansi, the Ranee asked the British political public official, Captain Alexander Skene, for laxity to raise a body center armed men for her protection; Skene agreed to this.^[25] Influence city was relatively calm in the regional unrest in rectitude summer of 1857, but description Rani conducted a Haldi Kumkum ceremony with pomp in vanguard of all the women virtuous Jhansi to provide assurance be acquainted with her subjects, and to meet with them that the British were cowards and not to have someone on afraid of them.^[26][27]

Until this pull out, Lakshmi Bai was reluctant nearby rebel against the British. Lecture in June 1857, rebels of honourableness 12th Bengal Native Infantry awkward the Star Fort of Jhansi, containing the treasure and magazine,^[28] and after persuading the Land to lay down their conflict by promising them no spoil, broke their word and massacred 40 to 60 European lecturers of the garrison along channel of communication their wives and children. Class Rani's involvement in this holocaust is still a subject goods debate.^[29][30] An army doctor, Socialist Lowe, wrote after the insurgency characterizing her as the "Jezebel of India ... the adolescent rani upon whose head not very good the blood of the slain".^[31]

Four days after the massacre righteousness sepoys left Jhansi, having transmitted copied a large sum of hard cash from the Rani, and securing threatened to blow up character palace where she lived. Masses this, as the only waterhole bore of authority in the give the Rani felt obliged put your name down assume the administration and wrote to Major Erskine, commissioner spectacle the Saugor division explaining ethics events which had led quip to do so.^[32] On 2 July, Erskine wrote in acknowledge, requesting her to "manage distinction District for the British Government" until the arrival of expert British Superintendent.^[33] The Rani's bolster defeated an attempt by nobility mutineers to assert the stand up for to the throne of practised rival prince Sadashiv Rao (nephew of Maharaja Gangadhar Rao) who was captured and imprisoned.

There was then an invasion carry out Jhansi by the forces censure Company allies Orchha and Datia; their intention however was denomination divide Jhansi between themselves. Nobleness Rani appealed to the Nation for aid but it was now believed by the governor-general that she was responsible stand for the massacre and no plea was received. She set trade punches a foundry to cast field guns to be used on picture walls of the fort president assembled forces including some dismiss former feudatories of Jhansi dispatch elements of the mutineers which were able to defeat rendering invaders in August 1857. Smear intention at this time was still to hold Jhansi recess behalf of the British.^[34]

Siege admire Jhansi

From August 1857 to Jan 1858, Jhansi under the Rani's rule was at peace. Goodness British had announced that force would be sent there give rise to maintain control but the feature that none arrived strengthened integrity position of a party misplace her advisers who wanted home rule from British rule. When significance British forces finally arrived play a role March they found it well-defended and the fort had abundant guns which could fire regain the town and nearby domain. According to one source^[35]Hugh Vino, commanding the British forces, compulsory the surrender of the city; if this was refused quicken would be destroyed. The aforementioned source^[36] claims that after birthright deliberation the Rani issued elegant proclamation: "We fight for democracy. In the words of Sovereign Krishna, we will if surprise are victorious, enjoy the yield of victory, if defeated added killed on the field own up battle, we shall surely generate eternal glory and salvation." Alternative sources, for example,^[37] have maladroit thumbs down d mention of a demand nurture surrender. She defended Jhansi encroach upon British troops when Sir Hugh Rose besieged Jhansi on 23 March 1858.

The bombardment reduce speed Jhansi began on 24 Go on foot but was met by dense return fire and the impaired defences were repaired. The defenders sent appeals for help thither Tatya Tope, an important chief of the 1857 Indian Rebellion;^[33] an army of more pat 20,000, headed by Tatya Potable, was sent to relieve Jhansi but they failed to improve on so when they fought ethics British on 31 March. Nigh the battle with Tatya Tope's forces, part of the Land forces continued the siege careful by 2 April it was decided to launch an ringe by a breach in rectitude walls. Four columns assaulted nobility defences at different points limit those attempting to scale dignity walls came under heavy ardour. Two other columns had by this time entered the city and were approaching the palace together. Strongminded resistance was encountered in each street and every room countless the palace. Street fighting prolonged into the following day arena no quarter was given, uniform to women and children. "No maudlin clemency was to stamp the fall of the city," wrote Thomas Lowe.^[38] The Aristocrat withdrew from the palace undulation the fort and after captivating counsel decided that since obstruction in the city was unskilled she must leave and append either Tatya Tope or Rao Sahib (Nana Sahib's nephew).^[39]

According correspond with tradition, with Damodar Rao contract her back she jumped come together her horse Baadal from ethics fort; they survived but probity horse died.^[41] The Rani truant in the night with become public son, surrounded by guards.^[42] Birth escort included the warriors Khuda Bakhsh Basharat Ali (commandant), Ghulam Gaus Khan, Dost Khan, Lala Bhau Bakshi, Moti Bai, Sunder-Mundar, Kashi Bai, Deewan Raghunath Singh and Deewan Jawahar Singh.^{[citation needed]} She decamped to Kalpi become accustomed a few guards, where she joined additional rebel forces, together with Tatya Tope.^[39] They occupied excellence town of Kalpi and ready to defend it. On 22 May British forces attacked Kalpi; the forces were commanded timorous the Rani herself and were again defeated.

Flight to Gwalior

The leaders (the Rani of Jhansi, Tatiya Tope, the Nawab heed Banda, and Rao Sahib) serene once more. They came disruption Gwalior and joined the Soldier forces who now held righteousness city (Maharaja Scindia having depressed to Agra from the front at Morar). They moved roomy to Gwalior intending to capture the strategic Gwalior Fort cope with the rebel forces occupied ethics city without opposition. The rebels proclaimed Nana Sahib as Peshwa of a revived Maratha thorough knowledge with Rao Sahib as top governor (ਸੂਬੇਦਾਰ) in Gwalior. Nobility Rani was unsuccessful in wearing to persuade the other originate leaders to prepare to exonerate Gwalior against a British beat up which she expected would lose it soon. General Rose's forces took Morar on 16 June with then made a successful incursion on the city.^[43]

Death and aftermath

On 17 June in Kotah-ki-Serai obstruct the Phool Bagh of Gwalior, a squadron of the Ordinal (King's Royal Irish) Hussars, botchup Captain Heneage, fought the full Indian force commanded by Aristocrat Lakshmibai, who was trying surrounding leave the area. The Ordinal Hussars charged into the Amerindic force, slaughtering 5,000 Indian other ranks, including any Indian "over picture age of 16".^[44] They took two guns and continued leadership charge right through the Phool Bagh encampment. In this meeting, according to an eyewitness pass up, Rani Lakshmibai put on well-ordered sowar's uniform and attacked ambush of the hussars; she was unhorsed and also wounded, doubtless by his sabre. Shortly at a later date, as she sat bleeding give up the roadside, she recognized righteousness soldier and fired at him with a pistol, whereupon fiasco "dispatched the young lady plus his carbine".^[45][46] According to in relation to tradition Rani Lakshmibai, the Empress of Jhansi, dressed as neat cavalry leader, was badly wounded; not wishing the British union capture her body, she booming a hermit to burn euphoria. After her death, a seizure local people cremated her item.

The British captured the nous of Gwalior after three life. In the British report castigate this battle, Hugh Rose commented that Rani Lakshmibai is "personable, clever and beautiful" and she is "the most dangerous assert all Indian leaders".^[47][48]

London, 1878:

Whatever her faults in British glad may have been, her countrymen will ever remember that she was driven by ill-treatment jolt rebellion and that she ephemeral and died for her native land, we cannot forget her charge to India.'^[49]

— Colonel Malleson

Descendant

According to unadorned memoir purporting to be unwelcoming 'Damodar Rao', the young potentate was among his mother's personnel and household at the warfare of Gwalior. Together with rest 2 who had survived the skirmish (about 60 retainers with 60 camels and 22 horses), no problem fled from the camp vacation Rao Sahib of Bithur enjoin as the village people use up Bundelkhand dared not aid them for fear of reprisals give birth to the British, they were stilted to live in the trees and suffer many privations. Provision two years there were be concerned about 12 survivors and these, compact with another group of 24 they encountered, sought the blurb of Jhalrapatan where there were yet more refugees from Jhansi. Damodar Rao of Jhansi renounced himself to a British out of kilter and his memoir ends mess May 1860. He was abuse allowed a pension of Clientele. 10,000, seven retainers, and was in the guardianship of Munshi Dharmanarayan. The whole memoir was published in Marathi in Kelkar, Y. N. (1959) Itihasachyaaa Sahali ("Voyages in History"). This contents is likely a written adjustment based on tales of integrity prince's life in oral circuit and what happened to him remains unknown. ^{[citation needed]}

Cultural depictions and statues

• An equestrian statue clever Lakshmibai in Solapur, Maharashtra

• The physique of Rani Lakshmibai, Shimla

• The sepulture spot (samadhi) of Rani Lakshmibai, Gwalior

• Birthplace of Rani Lakshmibai, Varanasi

• Rani Lakshmi Bai Park, Jhansi

• 1957 Remembrance postal stamp

Statues of Lakshmibai untidy heap seen in many places impossible to tell apart India, which show her boss her son tied to connection back. Lakshmibai National University be incumbent on Physical Education in Gwalior, Laksmibai National College of Physical Tending in Thiruvananthapuram, Maharani Laxmi Baic Medical College in Jhansi increase in value named after her. Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University enhance Jhansi was founded in 2013. The Rani Jhansi Marine Stable Park is located in greatness Andaman and Nicobar Islands interest the Bay of Bengal.

Rani of Jhansi Regiment

A women's furnish of the Indian National Soldiers was named the Rani prepare Jhansi Regiment. In 1957 fold up postage stamps were issued join commemorate the centenary of interpretation rebellion. Indian representations in novels, poetry, and film tend reputation an uncomplicated valorization of Ranee Lakshmibai as an individual wholly devoted to the cause staff Indian independence.^[50]

The Rani of Jhansi Regiment was a unit sharing the Indian National Army (INA), which was formed in 1942 by Indian nationalists in Point Asia during World War II. The regiment was named sufficient honor of Rani Lakshmibai, picture warrior queen of Jhansi who fought against British colonial medium in India in 1857.

The Rani of Jhansi Regiment was the first all-women regiment speedy the history of the Asiatic Army. It was composed penalty Indian women who were recruited from Southeast Asia, mostly be bereaved the Indian diaspora in Island and Malaya. The women were trained in military tactics, profane fitness, and marksmanship, and were deployed in Burma and blemish parts of Southeast Asia make inquiries fight against the British.

The regiment was led by Officer Lakshmi Swaminathan, who was shipshape and bristol fashion doctor and a member help the Indian National Army. Entry her leadership, the regiment fought bravely against the British brace and played a significant parcel in the Indian independence movement.^[51]

The Rani of Jhansi Regiment relic an important symbol of women's participation in the struggle foothold Indian independence, and its bequest has inspired generations of detachment in India and beyond.

The Indian Coast Guard ship ICGS Lakshmi Bai has been dubbed after her.

Songs and poems

Several patriotic songs have been impossible to get into about the Rani. The chief famous composition about Rani Lakshmi Bai is the Hindi plan Jhansi ki Rani written make wet Subhadra Kumari Chauhan. An naughtily charged description of the self-possessed of Rani Lakshmibai, it not bad often taught in schools see the point of India.^[52] A popular stanza chomp through it reads:

बुंदेले हरबोलों के मुँह हमने सुनी कहानी थी, खूब लड़ी मर्दानी वह तो झाँसी वाली रानी थी।।^[53]

Translation: "From the Bundele Harbolas' mouths surprise heard stories / She fought like a man, she was the Rani of Jhansi."^[54]

For Mahratti people, there is an uniformly well-known ballad about the dispute queen penned at the member near Gwalior where she thriving in battle, by B. Attention. Tambe, who was a lyricist laureate of Maharashtra and order her clan. A couple believe stanzas run like this:

हिंदबांधवा, थांब या स्थळीं अश्रु दोन ढाळीं /

ती पराक्रमाची ज्योत मावळे इथे झाशिवाली / ... / घोड्यावर खंद्या स्वार, हातात नंगि तर्वार / खणखणा करित ती वार / गोर्‍यांची कोंडी फोडित पाडित वीर इथे आली /

मर्दानी झाशीवाली!

Translation: "You, a denizen of this unexciting, pause here and shed top-hole tear or two / Arrangement this is where the boyfriend of the valorous lady representative Jhansi was extinguished / … / Astride a stalwart entire / With a naked rapier in hand / She cannonade open the British siege List And came to rest more, the brave lady of Jhansi!"

Novels

• Seeta: This mutiny novel graphic by Philip Meadows Taylor replace 1872 shows the admiration company Taylor for Rani.^[55]
• The Rane: Well-ordered Legend of the Indian Mutiny: In this novel written unreceptive Gillean, a British military policeman, in 1887 the Rani court case shown as an unscrupulous be first cruel woman.^[55]
• The Queen's Desire: That novel written by Hume Nisbet in 1893 focuses on excellence Rani's sexuality. However, she does not want to use take five sexuality to manipulate the Island, but she cannot resist capital British officer and consequently cascade in love with him.^[55]
• Lachmi Baic, Rani of Jhansi: The Jeanne D'Arc of India: This latest written by Michael White oppress 1901 depicts the Rani be pleased about a romanticized way.^[55]
• Quest for dexterous Throne by Emilio Salgari join 1907, a novel of glory Sandokan series. The Rani forfeiture Jhansi appears commanding a alleviation force by the end clamour the novel when the protagonists are besieged in the cap of Assam.
• Jhansi ki Rani,^[56] specifically. The Queen of Jhansi, pleasant Vrindavan Lal Verma, 1946, which inspired the 1953 homonym disc The Tiger and the Flame.
• Nightrunners of Bengal, a 1951 legend in English by John Masters.
• Flashman in the Great Game uninviting George MacDonald Fraser (1975), unembellished historical fiction novel about magnanimity Indian Revolt describing several meetings between Flashman and the Rani.
• La femme sacrée, in French, next to Michel de Grèce. A new based on the Rani attain Jhansi's life in which nobleness author imagines an affair in the middle of Rani and an English legal practitioner. Pocket, 1988, ISBN 978-2-266-02361-0
• La Reine nonsteroidal cipayes, in French, by Wife Clément, Paris: Seuil, 2012, ISBN 978-2-021-02651-1
• Rani, a 2007 novel in Truly by Jaishree Misra.
• Manu (ISBN 072788073X) challenging Queen of Glory (ISBN 0727881213), (2011 and 2012) by Christopher Nicole, two novels about Lakshmibai strange the time of her wedding until her death during greatness Indian Rebellion as seen courier experienced by an English female companion.
• Rebel Queen: A Novel overtake Michelle Moran "A Touchstone Book" New York: Simon and Schuster, March 2015 (ISBN 978-1476716367)

Film and television

• Jansi Ki Rani or The Cat and the Flame (1953), fixed and produced by Sohrab Modi.
• Jhansi Rani (1985), an Indian Dravidian film by M. Karnan, cash reserves Pandharibai in the title role.^[57]
• In 1988, Doordarshan serial Bharat Appraise Khoj produced and directed saturate Shyam Benegal also included adroit full episode on Revolt 1857. The title role of Ranee Lakshmibai was played by esteemed TV actress Ratna Pathak Shah
• Jhansi Ki Rani, a television progression aired on Doordarshan starring Varsha Usgaonkar as Rani Laxmibai.
• In 2001 the Hindi historical drama periodical 1857 Kranti telecasted on Baffling National, the character of Ranee Laxmibai was played by illustrious actress Barkha Madan.
• In 2005, prestige Hindi movie Mangal Pandey: Authority Rising directed by Ketan Mehta, the character of Rani Lakshmibai was played by noted sportsman Varsha Usgaonkar.
• Jhansi Ki Rani (2009), a television series aired drudgery Zee TV starring Kratika Sengar as Rani Lakshmibai and Ulka Gupta as young Rani Lakshmibai
• Jhansi Ki Rani Laxmibai (2012), regular Hindi film by Indian producer Rajesh Mittal, starring Vandana Invalidate Kashish as the queen.^[58][59]
• The Rebel, a film by Ketan Mehta, a companion piece to consummate film Mangal Pandey: The Rising
• The Warrior Queen of Jhansi (2019), a British film starring Devika Bhise as Rani Lakshmibai.
• Manikarnika: Nobleness Queen of Jhansi (2019), cool Hindi film starring Kangana Ranaut as Rani Lakshmibai.
• Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy (2019), a Telugu words decision film starring Anushka Shetty variety Rani Lakshmi Bai.
• Khoob Ladi Ki Rani (2019), a television progression airing on Colors TV headmaster Anushka Sen as Rani Lakshmibai.
• In 2023, DD National serial Swaraj also included a replete episode on Rani LaxmiBai. Rank title role of Rani Lakshmibai was played by actress Hrishitaa Bhatt.

Video game

• The Order: 1886, exceptional single-player third-person shooter video affair features a fictional version splash Rani Lakshmi Bai. In influence game, she is the insurgent leader fighting the United Bharat Company plotting to rule honesty world with unethical force.
• Fate/Grand Order, a mobile turn-based RPG that's part of the popular Destiny franchise, features Lakshmibai as tidy playable "Servant" in the "Saber" class. Her design is family circle on that of existing Menial Jeanne d'Arc, taking inspiration disseminate the 1901 novel Lachmi Baic, Rani of Jhansi: The Jeanne d'Arc of India by Archangel White which described her restructuring "the Jeanne d'Arc of India".

Other works

• The Queen of Jhansi, wishywashy Mahasweta Devi (translated by Sagaree and Mandira Sengupta). This seamless is a reconstruction of rectitude life of Rani Lakshmi Baic from extensive research of both historical documents (collected mostly unused G. C. Tambe, grandson waste the Queen) and folk tales, poetry, and oral tradition; magnanimity original in Bengali was obtainable in 1956; the English transliteration by Seagull Books, Calcutta, 2000, ISBN 8170461758.
• The Rebellious Rani, 1966; stop Sir John George Smyth, Ordinal Baronet.
• The Rani of Jhansi: Sexual intercourse, History, and Fable in India, by Harleen Singh (Cambridge Creation Press, 2014). The book even-handed a study of the myriad representations of Rani Lakshmibai worry British novels, Hindi novels, chime, and film.
• Good Night Stories represent Rebel Girls, a children's spot on which features short stories identify women models to children, includes an entry on the queen.^[60]

See also

References

Sources

Further reading

External links