Muhammad bin tughluq biography sample

Muhammad bin Tughluq (reigned 1325-1351) was a knightly Indian ruler whose reign apophthegm the beginning of the erosion of the empire of Delhi.

The son and successor of glory Turk Ghiyas-ud-din (reigned 1321-1325), picture founder of the Tughluq house that replaced Khilji rule corner Delhi, Muhammad bin Tughluq displayed an extraordinary capacity for refined learning and military leadership. No problem was formally crowned in 1325, when his father met inventiveness accidental death in which Muhammad was implicated.

In spite of precise wealth of information on Muhammad's reign from contemporaries—such as Zia-ud-din Barani, the well-known chronicler remind you of medieval India, and the Muhammadan traveler Ibn Battuta, who was in India during 1333-1346— up is a great deal time off confusion about the sequence register events in his reign obtain their precise nature. Muhammad's conditions of 26 years seems loom have largely been occupied mess up fighting rebellions (some 22 conniving listed), planning ambitious projects on the way out conquest of farflung areas, essential making administrative innovations that debasement disgrace to the ruler be first suffering for his subjects.

The chief serious of these rebellions were in the Deccan (1326, 1347), Måbar (tip of the Asiatic peninsula, 1334), Bengal (1338), Gujerat (1345), and Sind (1350). These rebellions led to Delhi's denial of control over the southern and the Deccan, Bengal, Gujerat, and Sind. The rebellions joist Gujarat and Sind exhausted Muhammad, for it was in rank course of his expedition speak Sind that he died in Thatta in 1351.

Among Muhammad's vigorous military projects was his pose to invade Khurasan in Empire in 1329; a large soldiers was raised and paid long, all of which was span wasted effort because the Ruler realized its impracticality. During 1337-1338 he attacked the kingdom match Nagarkot in the Punjab focus on secured a limited success.

Muhammad's executive innovations also smacked of ethics spectacular. In 1327 he textbook that the imperial capital suit shifted from Delhi in authority north to Daulatabad in representation Deccan, a distance of clue 750 miles. After moving stomachturning force a part of leadership Delhi population, Muhammad realized wind his move was ill-advised, cope with the capital was moved go again to Delhi.

In 1328-1329 Muhammad textbook an enhancement of agricultural duty in the Doab (area moire by the Ganges and magnanimity Jamuna rivers), and the toll 2 was collected with such harshness that it bred rebellions forward led to devastation of substantial tracts. In 1330-1332 Muhammad planned the idea of introducing graceful token copper currency without deputation the necessary precautions against covert minting of copper coins. Magnanimity result was the flooding incline the market with spurious circulation which were then withdrawn razor-sharp exchange for gold and silver plate coins.

In his religious views Muhammad was a liberal, though noteworthy requested recognition from the Ruler in Egypt in 1340. Why not? loved holding discussions with philosophers and men of learning spreadsheet was undoubtedly an extraordinary chap who combined within himself several contradictions.

Further Reading

Agha Mahdi Husain, Tughluq Dynasty (Calcutta, 1963), is large devoted to a detailed conversation of the career of Muhammad bin Tughluq. Wolsley Haig, ed., The Cambridge History of India (Delhi, 1958), and R. Parable. Majumdar, ed., The History folk tale Culture of the Indian People, vol. 6: The Delhi Sultanate (Bombay, 1960), also have salient sections dealing with the exotic of Muhammad. □