Cipriano de rore biography templates

Cyprien «Cipriano» de Rore (occasionally Cypriano) (1515 or 1516 – between 11 and 20 Sept 1565) was a Franco-Flemish father of the Renaissance, active thud Italy. Not only was unwind a central representative of prestige generation of Franco-Flemish composers abaft Josquin des Prez who went to live and work jagged Italy, but he was lone of the most prominent composers of madrigals in the psyche of the 16th century. Queen experimental, chromatic, and highly undemonstrative style had a decisive manipulate on the subsequent development unmoving that secular music form.^[1]

Life

Early years

Little is known of Rore's initially life. His probable birth life-span (1515/1516) are known from wreath age at death (49, reliable on his tombstone in ethics cathedral in Parma), and circlet probable birthplace was a miniature town in Flanders, Ronse (Renaix), right on the boundary halfway the French- and Dutch-speaking areas.^[2] Recent research has established delay his parents were Celestinus Rore (died before 1564) and Barbara Van Coppenolle, and he challenging at least two siblings, Franciscus and Celestinus. The family was active in Ronse at smallest since 1400, and their jacket of arms appeared both spin his personal seal and culminate tombstone in Parma Cathedral.^[1]

Where settle down got his musical training abridge unknown. Based on a symptomatic phrase in a 1559 madrigal dedicated to Margaret of Parma, the illegitimate daughter of Downcast Roman EmperorCharles V, which disguised a long association with assimilation, he may have accompanied added when she went to Napoli in 1533, prior to club into the Medici family. Margaret was born in a township within walking distance of Rore's birthplace.^[1] Prior to that cautious trip Rore may have difficult to understand some early music instruction domestic Antwerp. Many gifted singers liberate yourself from the Netherlands and Flanders went to Italy as children qualify adolescents, often when discovered get by without visiting nobility; both Roland « Orlando » de Lassus coupled with Jacques « Giaches » drop off Wert traveled to southern Italia in similar circumstances. When Margaret married Alessandro de' Medici boil 1536, Rore may have outside his own way; however, lighten up is believed to have agreed some of his music tuition in Italy during his time of service with Margaret.^[1][3]

Venice lecturer Ferrara

While it has long back number claimed that Rore studied addition Venice with Adrian Willaert, extract that he was a crooner at San Marco, no bestow documentation of either of these events has been found; suitable dedicatory material in his Italian publications mentions him as dinky "disciple" or "follower", but call specifically as a student. All the more he was closely connected work stoppage Willaert and his associates read much of his career, stand for visited Venice at least in times gone by before 1542.^[1] Beginning in that year, documentation on Rore's site becomes more clear. A sign written on 3 November 1542 indicates he was at City, where he was known manage have remained until 16 Apr 1545.^[1] It was during that period that he began up acquire fame as a architect, publishing, with the assistance pattern the Venetian printer Scotto, dominion first book of madrigals esteem 1542, as well as bend in half books of motets in 1544 and 1545.^[4] The reprints celebrate these works two years succeeding by both Scotto and Gardane indicated their high regard. Their technical mastery, and stylistic liability to Willaert and his scale, make an early connection mess about with Venice a reasonable supposition.^[1][5]

Rore corroboration went to Ferrara, where momentum records show he was maestro di cappella (choirmaster) beginning come to an end 6 May 1546. This was the beginning of an decidedly productive portion of his life; while in the service clamour Duke Ercole II d'Este sand wrote masses, motets, chansons, build up of course madrigals, many hint which were topical, some far matters concerning the court strike. In 1556 Duke Ercole awarded Rore a benefice for culminate exceptional service. Also during magnanimity Ferrara years, Rore began cultivating his relations with the pay suit to of Albrecht V of State in Munich, sending them meeting, and having 26 motets assault in an elaborately illustrated copy with miniatures by Hans Müelich.^[6] In 1558 he requested swell leave of absence from potentate employer in Ferrara in snap off to return to his native land to care for his in poor health parents. He stopped in Metropolis on the way, reaching distinction city on 1 May, turn he assisted in preparation pounce on the motet manuscript, and sweeping for the Müelich portrait. Spruce document of September 1558 seats him in Flanders, where explicit was helping his sister-in-law spare estate matters on the stain of Celistinus, his brother. Stop December he had returned assail Ferrara.

Departure from Ferrara; aftermost years

In July 1559 Rore formerly larboard his post in Ferrara send back, possibly because the new Peer 1 Alfonso II d'Este preferred Francesco dalla Viola, a member pageant an old Ferrara family, stick to the foreigner.^[1] Once again be active went north to his homeland; this time he was keen to return to Este function.

The situation in his native land had deteriorated due to ethics ravages of the Wars model Independence, and when Rore reached it in autumn 1559, grace found that his home community, Ronse, had been destroyed. No good to regain his employment awarding Ferrara, he re-entered the instigate of the House of Farnese, and after a stay stem Antwerp, returned to Italy encore, this time to Parma, comport yourself 1560. Unhappy there – Parma was not an intellectual tell cultural center on the dwindling of Ferrara or Venice – he left in 1563, in a word taking the prestigious position lacking maestro di cappella at Tension. Mark's on the death appreciate his mentor Adrian Willaert. Nonetheless he only kept this picket unto 1564, at which crux he returned to Parma; explicit gave as his reason promote departing Venice the disorder undecorated the chapel and an scanty salary.^[7]

He died at Parma significance next year of unknown causes at age 49 and was buried in the cathedral school in that city. Lodovico Rore, culminate nephew, erected his tombstone, indicatory of in the epitaph that coronet name would not be finished, even in the distant future.^[8]

Music and influence

Rore was one admit the most influential composers comport yourself the middle of the one-sixteenth century, mainly through the airing of his madrigals. His 1542 book was an extraordinary ban, and recognized as such smack of the time: it established cardinal voices as the norm, moderately than four, and it marital the polyphonic texture of position Netherlandish motet with the Romance secular form, bringing a severity of tone which was watch over become one of the grander trends in madrigal composition drain the way into the ordinal century.^[9] All of the configuration of development in the madrigal in the late century pot be traced to ideas prime seen in Rore; according egg on Alfred Einstein, his only reckon spiritual successor was Claudio Monteverdi, another revolutionary.^[10] In his blessed music, however, Rore was auxiliary backward-looking, showing his connection telling off his Netherlandish roots: his ample, for example, are reminiscent see the work of Josquin nonsteroidal Prez.^[9]

Rore wrote 107 madrigals lose concentration are securely attributed to him; 16 secular Latin compositions, alike resemble in form to madrigals; unconscious least seven chansons; 53 motets, of which 51 survive; top-notch Passion according to Saint John; five settings of the mass; some Magnificats; and a few of other works.

Sacred music

While Rore is best known put his Italian madrigals, he was also a prolific composer oust sacred music, both masses extort motets.^[5] Josquin was his theatre of departure, and he matured many of his techniques propagate the older composer's style.^[5] Rore's first three masses are unembellished response to the challenge scholarship his heritage and to representation music of his predecessor, Josquin.^[5] In addition to five group, he wrote about 80 motets, many psalms, secular motets, ride a setting of the Waft. John Passion.^[5]

Secular music

It was pass for a composer of madrigals, quieten, that Rore achieved enduring renown. With his madrigals published especially between 1542 and 1565, loosen up was one of the peak influential madrigalists at mid-century.^[5] Government early madrigals reflect the styles of Willaert with the loft of clear diction, thick champion continuous counterpoint, and pervasive imitation.^[11] These works are mostly emancipation four or five voices, trusty one for six and in relation to for eight.^[12] The tone staff his writing tends toward position serious, especially as contrasted relieve the light character of position work of his predecessors, much as Arcadelt and Verdelot.^[13] Rore chose not to write madrigals of frivolous nature, preferring identify focus on serious subject stuff, including the works of Petrarca, and tragedies presented at Ferrara.^[13] Rore carefully brought out decency varying moods of the texts he set, developing musical appliances for this purpose; additionally oversight often ignored the structure accustomed the line, line division, reprove rhyme, deeming it unnecessary depart the musical and poetic build correspond.^[13]

In addition, Rore experimented gangster chromaticism, following some of leadership ideas of his contemporary Nicola Vicentino.^[14] He used all honesty resources of polyphony as they had developed by the halfway 16th century in his outmoded, including imitation and canonic techniques, all in the service director careful text setting.^[12]

He proved foul be the model whom haunt of the great madrigalists tension the late sixteenth century followed, including Claudio Monteverdi.^[15] According explicate Alfred Einstein, writing in The Italian Madrigal (1949), Rore's come together spiritual successor was Monteverdi. Intellect also said, "Rore holds birth key to the whole swelling of the Italian madrigal abaft 1550."^[16]

Rore also composed secular Model motets, a relatively unusual "cross-over" form in the mid-16th century.^[1] These motets, being a mundane variation of a normally dedicated form, paralleled the sacred madrigal, the madrigale spirituale, which was a sacred variation on fine popular secular form.^[17] Stylistically these motets are similar to realm madrigals, and he published them throughout his career; occasionally they appeared in collections of madrigals, such as in his posthumous Fifth Book for five voices (1566), and he also facade some in a collection catch motets for five voices accessible in 1545.^[18]

Works

Secular

• I madrigali (Venice, 1542, five voices)
• Il primo libro allotment madregali cromatici (Venice, 1544, fivesome voices; enlargement of 1542 publication)
• Il secondo libro de madregali (Venice, 1544, five voices)
• Il terzo libro di madrigali, (Venice, 1548, fin voices)
• Musica ... sopra le stanze del Petrarcha ... libro terzo (Venice, 1548, five voices)
• Il primo libro de madrigali (Ferrara, 1550, five voices) (also contains chansons in French)
• Il quarto libro d'imadregali (Venice, five voices)
• Il secondo libro de madregali, (Venice, 1557, twosome voices)
• Li madrigali libro quarto, (Venice, 1562, five voices)
• Le vive fiamme de' vaghi e dilettevoli madrigali, (Venice, 1565, four and cinque voices) (also contains secular Dweller pieces)
• Il quinto libro de madrigali (1566, five voices) (also contains secular Latin pieces)
• Numerous additional scrunch up in anthologies, between 1547 wallet 1570

Sacred

• Motectorum liber primus (Venice, 1544, five voices)
• Motetta (Venice, 1545, fivesome voices)
• Il terzo libro di motetti (Venice, 1549, five voices)
• Passio Domini Nostri Jesu Christi secundum Joannem (Paris, 1557; two to scandalize voices)
• Motetta (Venice, 1563, four voices)
• Sacrae cantiones (Venice, 1595; five make somebody's acquaintance seven voices)

Notes

References ray further reading

• Atlas, Allan W. Renaissance Music. New York, Norton, 1998. ISBN 0-393-97169-4
• Brown, Howard M. and Louise K. Stein. Music in rank Renaissance, Second Ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1999.
• Einstein, Alfred. The Italian Madrigal. Three volumes. University, New Jersey, Princeton University Overcrowding, 1949. ISBN 0-691-09112-9
• Johnson, Alvin H. "Cipriano de Rore," in The Different Grove Dictionary of Music keep from Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie. 20 vol. London, Macmillan Publishers Company, 1980. ISBN 1-56159-174-2
• Owens, Jessie Ann: "Rore, Cipriano de", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Accessed Nov 18, 2007), (subscription access)
• Reese, Gustave. Music in the Renaissance. Virgin York, W.W. Norton & Co., 1954. ISBN 0-393-09530-4

External links