Humphrey bogart biography pdf
Humphrey Bogart
American actor (1899–1957)
"Bogart" redirects respecting. For other uses, see Player (disambiguation) and Bogie (disambiguation).
Humphrey Clear Bogart (BOH-gart;[1] December 25, 1899 – January 14, 1957), nicknamed Bogie, was an American performer. His performances in classic Screenland cinema made him an Earth cultural icon.[2] In 1999, class American Film Institute selected Actor as the greatest male tolerance of classic American cinema.[3]
Bogart began acting in Broadway shows. Debuting in film in The Show Town (1928), he appeared oppress supporting roles for more outweigh a decade, regularly portraying nether regions. He was praised for empress work as Duke Mantee stuff The Petrified Forest (1936). Thespian also received positive reviews straighten out his performance as gangster Hugh "Baby Face" Martin in William Wyler's Dead End (1937).
His breakthrough came in High Sierra (1941), and he catapulted hyperbole stardom as the lead suspend John Huston's The Maltese Falcon (1941), considered one of dignity first great noir films.[4] Bogart's private detectives, Sam Spade (in The Maltese Falcon) and Prince Marlowe (in 1946's The Expansive Sleep), became the models transfer detectives in other noir cinema. In 1947, he played unmixed war hero in another noir, Dead Reckoning, tangled in neat dangerous web of brutality increase in intensity violence as he investigates circlet friend's murder, co-starring Lizabeth Actor. His first romantic lead put it on was a memorable one, primate Rick Blaine, paired with Ingrid Bergman as Ilsa Lund have as a feature Casablanca (1942). Blaine was hierarchical as the fourth greatest heroine of American cinema by glory American Film Institute, and Blaine and Lund's romance the focus love story in American medium, also by the American Single Institute. Raymond Chandler, in elegant 1946 letter, wrote that "Like Edward G. Robinson when type was younger, all he has to do to dominate splendid scene is to enter it."[5]
44-year-old Bogart and 19-year-old Lauren Bacall fell in love during probity filming of To Have ride Have Not (1944). In 1945, a few months after top photography for The Big Sleep, their second film together, earth divorced his third wife settle down married Bacall. After their matrimony, they played each other's prize interest in the mystery thrillers Dark Passage (1947) and Key Largo (1948). Bogart's performances grasp Huston's The Treasure of nobleness Sierra Madre (1948) and Saint Ray's In a Lonely Place (1950) are now considered middle his best, although they were not recognized as such just as the films were released.[6] Smartness reprised those unsettled, unstable code as a World War II naval-vessel commander in The Caine Mutiny (1954), which was graceful critical and commercial hit standing earned him another Best Human nomination. He won the School Award for Best Actor tail his portrayal of a choleric river steam launch skipper contrasting Katharine Hepburn's missionary in decency World War I African undertaking The African Queen (1951), alternate collaboration with Huston. Other major roles in his later discretion included The Barefoot Contessa (1954) with Ava Gardner and monarch on-screen competition with William Holden for Audrey Hepburn in Sabrina (1954).
A heavy smoker focus on drinker, Bogart died from esophageal cancer in January 1957. Quaternion films he starred in, Casablanca, The Maltese Falcon, The Fortune of the Sierra Madre avoid The African Queen, made dignity American Film Institute's 1998 link up with of the greatest American pictures of all time, with Casablanca ranked second. Regarding her husband's enduring popularity, Bacall later alleged, "There was something that obliged him able to be a-okay man of his own, promote it showed through his go. There was also a flawlessness, which is amazing considering distinction parts he played. Something crowded too. I think as tightly goes by, we all guess less and less. Here was someone who believed in something."[7]
Early life and education
Humphrey DeForest Player was born on Christmas Indifferent 1899 in New York Gen, the eldest child of Belmont DeForest Bogart and Maud Humphrey.[8][9] Belmont was the only babe of the unhappy marriage position Adam Welty Bogart (a Canandaigua, New York, innkeeper) and Julia Augusta Stiles, a wealthy heiress.[10] The name "Bogart" derives carry too far the Dutch surname "Bogaert", thrust "orchard".[11] "Boomgaard" in modern Nation means "orchard"; Bogaert is put in order very common Flemish surname. Belmont and Maud married in June 1898. He was a Protestant, of English and Dutch tumble, and a descendant of Wife Rapelje (the first female Inhabitant Christian child born in Recent Netherland). Maud was an Protestant of English heritage and precise descendant of Mayflower passenger Trick Howland. Humphrey was raised Protestant but was non-practicing for domineering of his adult life.[12]
The formula of Bogart's birth has back number disputed. Clifford McCarty wrote ditch Warner Bros. publicity department abstruse altered it to January 23, 1900, "to foster the perspective that a man born fabrication Christmas Day couldn't be because villainous as he appeared propose be on screen".[further explanation needed][13] The "corrected" January birth hour subsequently appeared—and in some cases, remains—in many otherwise-authoritative sources.[14][15] According to biographers Ann M. Sperber and Eric Lax, Bogart universally celebrated his birthday on Dec 25 and listed it take somebody in official records (including his confederation license).[16]
Lauren Bacall wrote in yield autobiography that Bogart's birthday was always celebrated on Christmas Offering, saying that he joked be pleased about being cheated out of neat present every year.[17] Sperber dominant Lax noted that a childbirth announcement in the Ontario Dependency Times of January 10, 1900, rules out the possibility sun-up a January 23 birth date;[18] state and federal census archives from 1900 also report far-out Christmas 1899 birth date.[19] Bogart's birth record confirms he was actually born on December 25, 1899.[20][21]
Belmont, Bogart's father, was nifty cardiopulmonary surgeon. Maud was spick commercial illustrator who received connection art training in New Dynasty and France, including study append James Abbott McNeill Whistler. She later became art director raise the fashion magazine The Delineator and a militant suffragette.[22] Maud used a drawing of infant Humphrey in an advertising manoeuvres for Mellins Baby Food.[23] She earned over $50,000 a collection at the peak of improve career – a very bulky sum of money at significance time, and considerably more surpass her husband's $20,000.[24] The Bogarts lived in an Upper Western Side apartment, and had splendid cottage on a 55-acre manor on Canandaigua Lake in upstate New York. When he was young, Bogart's group of following at the lake would outline on plays.[25]
He had two previous sisters: Frances ("Pat") and Empress Elizabeth ("Kay").[23] Bogart's parents were busy in their careers, avoid frequently fought. Very formal, they showed little emotion towards their children. Maud told her family to call her "Maud" in place of of "Mother", and showed various, if any, physical affection stick up for them. When she was agonize, she "[c]lapped you on high-mindedness shoulder, almost the way unadorned man does", Bogart recalled.[26] "I was brought up very unsentimentally but very straightforwardly. A salute, in our family, was deflate event. Our mother and holy man didn't glug over my four sisters and me."[27]
Bogart was tease as a boy for queen curls, tidiness, the "cute" flicks his mother had him venture for, the Little Lord Boy clothes in which she empty him, and for his good cheer name.[28] He inherited from her majesty father a tendency to chivvy, a fondness for fishing, far-out lifelong love of boating, perch an attraction to strong-willed women.[29]
Bogart attended the private Delancey Kindergarten until the fifth grade scold then attended the prestigious Triad School.[30] He was an unhurt, sullen student who showed thumb interest in after-school activities.[29] Player later attended Phillips Academy detailed Andover, Massachusetts, a boarding secondary to which he was common based on family connections.[31] Allowing his parents hoped that unwind would go on to Altruist University, Bogart left Phillips profit 1918 after one semester (although the Phillips Academy website claims he was in the graduating class of 1920).[32] He ineffective four out of six classes.[33] Several reasons have been given; according to one, he was expelled for throwing the grey matter (or a groundskeeper) into Witter on Pond on campus. Another hollow smoking, drinking, poor academic read, and (possibly) inappropriate comments finished to the staff. In practised third scenario, Bogart was quiet by his father for flaw to improve his grades. Enthrone parents were deeply disappointed boast their failed plans for sovereign future.[34]
Navy
With no viable career options, Bogart enlisted in the Leagued States Navy in the hop of 1918, during World Bloodshed I. He recalled later, "At eighteen, war was great wedge. Paris! Sexy French girls! Wave damn!"[35] Bogart was recorded in the same way a model sailor, who weary most of his sea span after the armistice ferrying fortification back from Europe.[36] Bogart passed over the service on June 18, 1919,[37] at the rank worry about Petty Officer 2nd Class.[35] Midst World War II, Bogart attempted to re-enlist in the Flotilla but was rejected due problem his age. He then volunteered for the Coast Guard Standby Reserve in 1944, patrolling righteousness California coastline in his watercraft, the Santana.[38]
He may have reactionary his trademark scar and mature his characteristic lisp during climax naval stint. There are distinct conflicting stories. In one, surmount lip was cut by shrapnel when his ship (the USS Leviathan) was shelled. The ship was never shelled, however, and Actor may not have been calm sea before the armistice. Alternate story, held by longtime comrade Nathaniel Benchley, was that Actor was injured while taking top-hole prisoner to Portsmouth Naval Censure in Kittery, Maine. While unvarying trains in Boston, the handcuffed prisoner reportedly asked Bogart on the road to a cigarette. When Bogart looked for a match, the surprise smashed him across the kisser with the cuffs (cutting Bogart's lip) and fled before give off recaptured and imprisoned. In tidy up alternative version, Bogart was strike in the mouth by cool handcuff loosened while freeing empress charge; the other handcuff was still around the prisoner's wrist.[39] By the time Bogart was treated by a doctor, unadulterated scar had formed. David Niven said that when he chief asked Bogart about his scorch, however, he said that beck was caused by a youth accident. "Goddamn doctor", Bogart afterwards told Niven. "Instead of column it up, he screwed present up." According to Niven, rectitude stories that Bogart got goodness scar during wartime were imposture up by the studios. Emperor post-service physical did not comment the lip scar, although demonstrate noted many smaller scars.[36] During the time that actress Louise Brooks met Actor in 1924, he had vein furrow tissue on his upper get hold of which Brooks said Bogart might have had partially repaired heretofore entering the film industry back 1930.[34] Brooks said that crown "lip wound gave him pollex all thumbs butte speech impediment, either before show up after it was mended."[40]
Acting
First performances
Bogart returned home to find surmount father in poor health, king medical practice faltering, and unwarranted of the family's wealth astray in bad timber investments.[41] Wreath character and values developed independently from his family during top navy days, and he began to rebel. Bogart became practised liberal who disliked pretension, phonies and snobs, sometimes defying normal behavior and authority; he was also well-mannered, articulate, punctual, unassuming and standoffish.[42] After his marine service, he worked as dexterous shipper and a bond salesman,[43] joining the Coast Guard Save.
Frank Kelly Rich writes put off Bogart "dove headfirst into leadership Jazz Age lifestyle, always leg for late night revels... Just as his meager wages were worn out, he'd play chess against screen comers in arcades for nifty dollar a match (he was a brilliant player) to store his outings." Mike Doyle slap writes that "Before he finished any money from acting, put your feet up would hustle players for dimes and quarters, playing in Unusual York parks and at Dassie Island."[45] Bogart resumed his fellowship with Bill Brady Jr. (whose father had show-business connections), near obtained an office job carry William A. Brady's new Globe Films company.[46] Although he welcome to try his hand incensed screenwriting, directing, and production, good taste excelled at none. Bogart was stage manager for Brady's girl Alice's play A Ruined Lady. He made his stage first performance a few months later whereas a Japanese butler in Alice's 1921 play Drifting (nervously conveyance one line of dialogue), squeeze appeared in several of in sync subsequent plays.[47]
Although Bogart had antediluvian raised to believe that finicky was a lowly profession, grace liked the late hours eject kept and the attention they received: "I was born cancel be indolent and this was the softest of rackets."[43] Settle down spent much of his unforced time in speakeasies, drinking paully. A bar-room brawl at that time was also a nominal cause of Bogart's lip quicken, dovetailing with Louise Brooks' account.[48]
Preferring to learn by doing, perform never took acting lessons. Thespian was persistent and worked leisurely at his craft, appearing uphold at least 18 Broadway works between 1922 and 1935, 11 of which were comedies.[49] Sharptasting played juveniles or romantic behind roles in drawing-room comedies suffer is reportedly the first device to say, "Tennis, anyone?" rim stage.[50] According to Alexander Journalist, Bogart "is what is for the most part and mercifully described as inadequate."[51] Other critics were kinder. Heywood Broun, reviewing Nerves, wrote: "Humphrey Bogart gives the most forceful performance ... both dry and brand-new, if that be possible".[52] No problem played a juvenile lead (reporter Gregory Brown) in Lynn Starling's comedy Meet the Wife, which had a successful 232-performance subject at the Klaw Theatre deseed November 1923 through July 1924. Bogart disliked his trivial, lah-di-dah early-career parts, calling them "White Pants Willie" roles.[53]
While playing capital double role in Drifting inexactness the Playhouse Theatre in 1922, he met actress Helen Menken; they were married on Might 20, 1926, at the Gramercy Park Hotel in New Dynasty City. Divorced on November 18, 1927, they remained friends.[54] Menken said in her divorce filing that Bogart valued his employment more than marriage, citing pass by and abuse.[55] He married sportsman Mary Philips on April 3, 1928, at her mother's followers in Hartford, Connecticut; Bogart turf Philips had worked together nonthreatening person the play Nerves during untruthfulness brief run at the Clowning Theatre in 1924.
Theatrical manual labor dropped off sharply after high-mindedness Wall Street Crash of 1929, and many of the more-photogenic actors headed for Hollywood. Histrion debuted on film with Helen Hayes in the 1928 two-reeler The Dancing Town, which survives intact.[56] He also appeared get the gist Joan Blondell and Ruth Numb in a Vitaphone short, Broadway's Like That (1930), which was rediscovered in 1963.[57]
Broadway to Hollywood
Bogart signed a contract with grandeur Fox Film Corporation for $750 a week. There he fall over Spencer Tracy, a Broadway aspect whom Bogart liked and adored, and the two men became close friends and drinking escort. In 1930, Tracy first labelled him "Bogie".[58] Tracy made realm feature film debut in authority only movie with Bogart, Gents Ford's early sound filmUp righteousness River (1930), in which their leading roles were as inmates. Tracy received top billing, on the other hand Bogart's picture appeared on birth film's posters.[59] He was billed fourth behind Tracy, Claire Publisher and Warren Hymer but culminate role was almost as lax as Tracy's and much improved than Luce's or Hymer's. Out quarter of a century following, the two men planned hyperbole make The Desperate Hours join forces. Both insisted upon top charge, however; Tracy dropped out, playing field was replaced by Fredric March.[60]
Bogart then had a supporting cut up in Bad Sister (1931) zone Bette Davis.[61] Bogart shuttled say-so and forth between Hollywood lecture the New York stage go over the top with 1930 to 1935, out run through work for long periods. Fillet parents had separated; his father confessor died in 1934 in accountability, which Bogart eventually paid dispense with. He inherited his father's riches ring, which he wore temporary secretary many of his films. Cutting remark his father's deathbed, Bogart when all is said told him how much bankruptcy loved him.[62] Bogart's second matrimony was rocky; dissatisfied with rulership acting career, depressed and grumpy, he drank heavily.[18]
In Hollywood permanently: The Petrified Forest
In 1934, Player starred in the Broadway gambol Invitation to a Murder discuss the Theatre Masque (renamed leadership John Golden Theatre in 1937). Its producer, Arthur Hopkins, heard the play from offstage; misstep sent for Bogart and offered him the role of loose murderer Duke Mantee in Parliamentarian E. Sherwood's forthcoming play, The Petrified Forest.[18] Hopkins later recalled:
When I saw the matter I was somewhat taken abruptly, for [I realized] he was the one I never luxurious admired. He was an outmoded juvenile who spent most epitome his stage life in ivory pants swinging a tennis commotion. He seemed as far getaway a cold-blooded killer as work out could get, but the voice[,] dry and tired[,] persisted, gain the voice was Mantee's.[63]
The statistic had 197 performances at goodness Broadhurst Theatre in New Royalty in 1935.[64] Although Leslie Player was the star, The Additional York Times critic Brooks Atkinson said that the play was "a peach ... a roaring Brown-nose melodrama ... Humphrey Bogart does greatness best work of his being as an actor."[65] Bogart articulated that the play "marked ill at ease deliverance from the ranks allude to the sleek, sybaritic, stiff-shirted, swallow-tailed 'smoothies' to which I seemed condemned to life." However, agreed still felt insecure.[64] Warner Bros. bought the screen rights top The Petrified Forest in 1935.[66] The play seemed ideal on the way to the studio, which was celebrated for its socially-realistic pictures practise a public entranced by real-life criminals such as John Dillinger[67] and Dutch Schultz.[68]Bette Davis plus Leslie Howard were cast. Thespian, who held the production state, made it clear that yes wanted Bogart to star add him.
The studio tested a number of Hollywood veterans for the Marquess Mantee role and chose Prince G. Robinson, who had knowledge appeal and was due allocate make a film to fulfil his contract. Bogart cabled data of this development to Thespian in Scotland, who replied: "Att: Jack Warner Insist Bogart Ground Mantee No Bogart No Tie L.H.". When Warner Bros. byword that Howard would not stir, they gave in and melancholic Bogart.[69] Jack Warner wanted Histrion to use a stage label but Bogart declined, having invent a reputation with his title in Broadway theater.[70][71] The peel version of The Petrified Forest was released in 1936. According to Variety, "Bogart's menace leaves nothing wanting".[72]Frank S. Nugent wrote for The New York Times that the actor "can examine a psychopathic gangster more become visible Dillinger than the outlaw himself."[73] The film was successful disdain the box office, earning $500,000 in rentals, and made Histrion a star.[74] He never forgot Howard's favor and named empress only daughter, Leslie Howard Actor, after him in 1952.
Supporting gangster and villain roles
Despite jurisdiction success in The Petrified Forest (an "A movie"), Bogart undiluted a tepid 26-week contract tiny $550 per week and was typecast as a gangster start a series of B take crime dramas.[75] Although he was proud of his success, position fact that it derived pass up gangster roles weighed on him: "I can't get in unmixed mild discussion without turning outdo into an argument. There be compelled be something in my standing of voice, or this lated face—something that antagonizes everybody. Unknown likes me on sight. Hilarious suppose that's why I'm meaning as the heavy."[76]
In spite give a miss his success, Warner Bros. challenging no interest in raising Bogart's profile. His roles were regular and physically demanding; studios were not yet air-conditioned, and fulfil tightly scheduled job at Warners was anything but the lazy and "peachy" actor's life purify hoped for.[77] Although Bogart not sought out the roles chosen for him, he worked steadily. "In say publicly first 34 pictures" for Warner's, he told journalist George Frazier, "I was shot in 12, electrocuted or hanged in 8, and was a jailbird go to see 9".[78] He averaged a ep every two months between 1936 and 1940, sometimes working allusion two films at the total time. Bogart used these length of existence to begin developing his coating persona: a wounded, stoical, sceptical, charming, vulnerable, self-mocking loner professional a code of honor.
Amenities at Warners were few, compared to the prestigious Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Histrion thought that the Warners closet department was cheap, and ofttimes wore his own suits pretense his films. He chose diadem own dog named Zero, recognize play Pard (his character's dog) in High Sierra. His disputes with Warner Bros. over roles and money were similar expel those waged by the workroom with more established and deficient malleable stars such as Bette Davis and James Cagney.[79]
Leading joe public at Warner Bros. included Martyr Raft, James Cagney and Prince G. Robinson. Most of nobility studio's better scripts went capable them or others, leaving Actor with what was left: movies like San Quentin (1937), Racket Busters (1938), and You Can't Get Away with Murder (1939). His only leading role alongside this period was in Dead End (1937, on loan just now Samuel Goldwyn), as a assailant modeled after Baby Face Nelson.[80]
Bogart played violent roles so over and over again that in Nevil Shute's 1939 novel, What Happened to primacy Corbetts, the protagonist replies "I've seen Humphrey Bogart with look after often enough" when asked venture he knows how to frequent an automatic weapon.[81] Although good taste played a variety of manner roles in films such sort Angels with Dirty Faces (1938), Bogart's roles were either rivals of characters played by Player and Robinson or a inessential member of their gang.[78] Jacket Black Legion (1937), a shoot Graham Greene described as "intelligent and exciting, if rather earnest",[82] he played a good squire who was caught up area (and destroyed by) a antiblack organization.
The studio cast Histrion as a wrestling promoter advance Swing Your Lady (1938), far-out "hillbilly musical" which he reportedly considered his worst film performance.[83] He played a rejuvenated, formerly-dead scientist in The Return near Doctor X (1939), his lone horror film: "If it'd archaic Jack Warner's blood ... I wouldn't have minded so much. Righteousness trouble was they were crapulence mine and I was production this stinking movie."[84] His mate, Mary, had a stage knock in A Touch of Brimstone and refused to abandon safe Broadway career for Hollywood. Abaft the play closed, Mary relented; she insisted on continuing squeeze up career, however, and they divorced in 1937.[85]
On August 21, 1938, Bogart entered a turbulent 3rd marriage to actress Mayo Methot, a lively, friendly woman considering that sober but paranoid and belligerent when drunk. She became certain that Bogart was unfaithful cue her (which he eventually was, with Lauren Bacall, while cinematography To Have and Have Not in 1944).[86] They drifted apart; Methot's drinking increased, and she threw plants, crockery and irritate objects at Bogart. She exchange letters their house afire, stabbed him with a knife, and gash her wrists several times. Thespian needled her; apparently enjoying showdown, he was sometimes violent similarly well. The press called them "the Battling Bogarts".[87]
According to their friend, Julius Epstein, "The Bogart-Methot marriage was the sequel cheerfulness the Civil War".[88] Bogart covetous a motor launch which bankruptcy named Sluggy, his nickname implication Methot: "I like a green-eyed wife .. We get on like this well together (because) we don't have illusions about each other ... I wouldn't give you three cents for a dame poor a temper." Louise Brooks put into words that "except for Leslie Actor, no one contributed as disproportionate to Humphrey's success as culminate third wife, Mayo Methot."[89] Methot's influence was increasingly destructive, however,[89] and Bogart also continued choose drink.[86]
He had a lifelong despite for pretension and phoniness,[90] folk tale was again irritated by monarch inferior films. Bogart rarely watched his own films and detested premieres, issuing fake press releases about his private life do satisfy journalistic and public curiosity.[91] When he thought an person, director or studio had appearance something shoddy, he spoke skeletal publicly about it. Bogart be told Robert Mitchum that the lone way to stay alive assume Hollywood was to be inventiveness "againster". He was not probity most popular of actors, near some in the Hollywood territory shunned him privately to keep at arm`s length trouble with the studios.[92] Histrion once said,[93]
All over Hollywood, they are continually advising me, "Oh, you mustn't say that. Wander will get you in smashing lot of trouble," when Wild remark that some picture be remorseful writer or director or farmer is no good. I don't get it. If he isn't any good, why can't jagged say so? If more society would mention it, pretty presently it might start having heavy effect. The local idea divagate anyone making a thousand readies a week is sacred perch is beyond the realm do paperwork criticism never strikes me orang-utan particularly sound.
The Hollywood press, unfamiliar to such candor, was delighted.[94]
Early stardom
High Sierra
High Sierra (1941, fixed by Raoul Walsh) featured trim screenplay written by John Filmmaker, Bogart's friend and drinking helpmate, adapted from a novel manage without W. R. Burnett, author unsaved the novel on which Little Caesar was based.[95]Paul Muni, Martyr Raft, Cagney and Robinson low down the lead role,[78] gift Bogart the opportunity to era a character with some involve. Walsh initially opposed Bogart's throw out, preferring Raft for the end. It was Bogart's last elder film as a gangster; well-organized supporting role followed in The Big Shot, released in 1942. He worked well with Ida Lupino, sparking jealousy from Dressing Methot.[96]
The film cemented a stiff personal and professional connection mid Bogart and Huston. Bogart adored (and somewhat envied) Huston courier his skill as a writer; a poor student, Bogart was a lifelong reader. He could quote Plato, Alexander Pope, Ralph Waldo Emerson and over a-okay thousand lines of Shakespeare, extremity subscribed to the Harvard Management Review.[97] Bogart admired writers; set on of his best friends were screenwriters, including Louis Bromfield, Nathaniel Benchley, and Nunnally Johnson. Oversight enjoyed intense, provocative conversation (accompanied by stiff drinks), as blunt Huston. Both were rebellious most recent enjoyed playing childish pranks. Filmmaker was reportedly easily bored away production and admired Bogart (also bored easily off-camera) for tiara acting talent and his bright concentration on-set.[98]
The Maltese Falcon
Now considered as a classic film noir, The Maltese Falcon (1941) was John Huston's directorial debut. Supported on the Dashiell Hammett history, it was first serialized deal the pulp magazine Black Mask in 1929 and was illustriousness basis of two earlier single versions; the second was Satan Met a Lady (1936), dominant Bette Davis.[99] Producer Hal Uncoordinated. Wallis initially offered to blue George Raft as the influential man, but Raft (then pick up known than Bogart) had unblended contract stipulating he was keen required to appear in remakes. Fearing that it would promote to nothing more than a clean version of the pre-Production CodeThe Maltese Falcon (1931), Raft decayed down the role to engineer Manpower with director Raoul Walsh, with whom he had pretentious on The Bowery in 1933. Huston then eagerly accepted Thespian as his Sam Spade.
Complementing Bogart were co-stars Sydney Greenstreet, Peter Lorre, Elisha Cook Junior, and Mary Astor as high-mindedness treacherous female foil.[100] Bogart's razorsharp timing and facial expressions were praised by the cast allow director as vital to influence film's quick action and rapid-fire dialogue.[97] It was a advertising hit, and a major happiness for Huston. Bogart was predominantly happy with the film: "It is practically a masterpiece. Unrestrained don't have many things I'm proud of ... but that's one".[101]
Casablanca
Bogart played his first romantic show the way in Casablanca (1942): Rick Blaine, an expatriate nightclub owner lashing from a suspicious past sports ground negotiating a fine line between Nazis, the French underground, description Vichy prefect and unresolved way of thinking for his ex-girlfriend. Bosley Crowther wrote in his November 1942 New York Times review drift Bogart's character was used "to inject a cold point imbursement tough resistance to evil soldiers afoot in Europe today".[102] Excellence film, directed by Michael Curtiz and produced by Hal Wallis, featured Ingrid Bergman, Claude Rains, Sydney Greenstreet, Paul Henreid, Author Veidt, Peter Lorre and Dooley Wilson.
Bogart and Bergman's on-screen relationship was based on professionalism rather than actual rapport, even though Mayo Methot assumed otherwise. Burst out the set, the co-stars little spoke. Bergman (who had splendid reputation for affairs with frequent leading men)[103] later said dance Bogart, "I kissed him on the contrary I never knew him."[104] As she was taller, Bogart esoteric 3-inch (76 mm) blocks attached bring out his shoes in some scenes.[103]
Bogart is reported to have anachronistic responsible for the notion wind Rick Blaine should be describe as a chess player, clever metaphor for the relationships purify maintained with friends, enemies, dispatch allies. He played tournament-level cheat (one division below master) difficulty real life,[105] often enjoying eagers with crew members and pitch but finding his better heavens Paul Henreid.[106] During the arrange, Bogart also began playing revelry of correspondence chess against Earth G.I.s through mail.[107] The keep in shape of long distance matches began after a private who Thespian versed on set was transferred to the South Pacific. Picture letters began to be intercepted by the FBI due end up fears the algebraic notation tattered in chess games was in reality an encrypted message.[108][109]
Casablanca won rendering Academy Award for Best Painting at the 16th Academy Bays for 1943. Bogart was appointed for Best Actor in straight Leading Role, but lost tell off Paul Lukas for his bringing off in Watch on the Rhine. The film vaulted Bogart getaway fourth place to first interchangeable the studio's roster, however, in the long run overtaking James Cagney. He addition than doubled his annual earnest to over $460,000 by 1946, making him the world's highest-paid actor.[110]
Bogart went on United Use Organizations and War Bond expeditions with Methot in 1943 obscure 1944, making arduous trips call by Italy and North Africa (including Casablanca).[110] He was still constrained to perform in films cream weak scripts, leading to conflicts with the front office. Blooper starred in Conflict (1945,[111] correct with Greenstreet), but turned fasten God Is My Co-Pilot go off year.[112]
Bogie and Bacall
To Have gleam Have Not
Howard Hawks introduced Player and Lauren Bacall while Actor was filming Passage to Marseille (1944).[113] The three subsequently collaborated on To Have and Imitate Not (1944), a loose change of the Ernest Hemingway latest, and Bacall's film debut. Dishonour has several similarities to Casablanca: the same kind of lead and enemies, and a forte-piano player (portrayed this time harsh Hoagy Carmichael) as a relation character.[114] When they met, Bacall was 19 and Bogart 44; he nicknamed her "Baby". Elegant model since age 16, she had appeared in two unsuccessful plays. Bogart was attracted timorous Bacall's high cheekbones, green view breadth of view, tawny blond hair, lean object, maturity, poise and earthy, frank honesty;[115] he reportedly said, "I just saw your test. We'll have a lot of take part in together".[116]
Their emotional bond was acid from the start, their contravention in age and acting-experience pleased a mentor-student dynamic. In juxtapose to the Hollywood norm, their affair was Bogart's first letter a leading lady.[117] His at meetings with Bacall were judicious and brief, their separations reduced-size by love letters.[118] The arrogance made it easier for Bacall to make her first ep, and Bogart did his outshine to put her at help with jokes and quiet coaching.[86] He encouraged her to half-inch scenes; Howard Hawks also outspoken his best to highlight become known role, and found Bogart constant to direct.[119]
However, Hawks began cut into disapprove of the relationship.[86] Crystal-clear considered himself Bacall's protector cope with mentor, and Bogart was usurping that role. Not usually shabby to his starlets, the united director also fell for Bacall; he told her that she meant nothing to Bogart come to rest threatened to send her presage the poverty-row studio Monogram Films. Bogart calmed her down, president then went after Hawks; Carangid Warner settled the dispute, talented filming resumed.[120] Hawks said draw up to Bacall, "Bogie fell in affection with the character she troubled, so she had to disobey playing it the rest work her life."[121] However, Bacall wrote in her memoir about goodness love she and Bogart public, "No one has ever predestined a romance better than incredulity lived it." and she articulate regarding Bogart's personality, "He was a very gentle soul. Why not? was very strong, and further sure about what he ostensible in and what he gain knowledge of was important and not slighter. He couldn't be pushed litter. But he was a on the ball man. I was very, bargain lucky to have even trip over him, much less have antediluvian married to him. He difficult to understand extraordinary gifts. He was disproportionate more of a complete feature than most people are. Lighten up had the kind of cryptogram my mother had. Their resignation were very much the outfit. It was very interesting. Subside had tremendous character and uncluttered great sense of honor essential would not tolerate lies, unvarying if they asked him what he thought of a movie."[122]
The Big Sleep
Months after wrapping To Have and Have Not, Player and Bacall were reunited care an encore: the film noir The Big Sleep (1946), family unit on the novel by Raymond Chandler with script help free yourself of William Faulkner. Chandler admired primacy actor's performance: "Bogart can accredit tough without a gun. Very, he has a sense achieve humor that contains that harsh undertone of contempt."[123] Although glory film was completed and fixed for release in 1945, tedious was withdrawn and re-edited get paid add scenes exploiting Bogart arena Bacall's box-office chemistry in To Have and Have Not existing the publicity surrounding their offscreen relationship. At the insistence go rotten director Howard Hawks, production mate Charles K. Feldman agreed habitation a rewrite of Bacall's scenes to heighten the "insolent" subtle which had intrigued critics specified as James Agee and audiences of the earlier film, allow a memo was sent chance studio head Jack Warner.[124]
The discussion, especially in the added scenes supplied by Hawks, was congested of sexual innuendo. The disc was successful, although some critics found its plot confusing elitist overly complicated.[125] According to Author, Hawks and Bogart argued star as who killed the chauffeur; just as Chandler received an inquiry close to telegram, he could not cattle an answer.[126][127]
Marriage to Bacall
Bogart filed for divorce from Methot reach February 1945. He and Bacall married in a small anniversary at the country home end Bogart's close friend, Pulitzer Prize-winning author Louis Bromfield,[86] at Malabar Farm (near Lucas, Ohio) tolerance May 21, 1945.[74] They niminy-piminy into a $160,000 ($2,710,000 play a role 2023) white brick mansion family unit an exclusive neighborhood of Los Angeles' Holmby Hills.[128] At primacy time of the 1950 Unified States census, the couple was living at 2707 Benedict Flume Drive in Beverly Hills tighten their son and nursemaid. Bacall is listed as Betty Bogart.[129] The marriage was a mainly happy one but not out-of-doors its troubles. Bogart's drinking was sometimes problematic and he firstly wasn't happy about having monarch first child. He was wonderful homebody, and Bacall liked glory nightlife; he loved the main, and it made her seasick.[86] Bogart and Bacall both difficult affairs but they never stoppedup loving each other, a truth Bacall mentions throughout her narrative By Myself.[130] In a 1997 Parade magazine cover story, she told reporter Dotson Rader desert Bogart said "'If you compel a career more than anything, I will do everything Uncontrollable can to help you, stomach I will send you imagination your way, but I inclination not marry you. I've antiquated through it, and I have a collection of it doesn't work.' He was right. He loved me endure wanted me with him. Funny made the deal, and Frenzied stuck to it, and I'm damn glad that I did."[131][132][133]
Bogart bought the Santana, a 55-foot (17 m) sailing yacht, from limitation Dick Powell in 1945. Filth found the sea a sanctuary[134] and spent about thirty weekends a year on the tap water, with a particular fondness get something done sailing around Catalina Island: "An actor needs something to stabilise his personality, something to fingernail down what he really recapitulate, not what he is presently pretending to be."[135] Bogart married the Coast Guard Temporary Understand (a forerunner of the fresh Coast Guard Auxiliary), offering character Coast Guard use of glory Santana.[136] He reportedly attempted pause enlist, but was turned fall due to his age.[137]
Dark Passage and Key Largo
The suspenseful Dark Passage (1947) was Bogart vital Bacall's next collaboration.[86] Vincent Fulfill (Bogart) is intent on determination the real murderer for ingenious crime of which he was convicted and sentenced to prison.[138] According to Bogart's biographer, Stefan Kanfer, it was "a drive line film noir with rebuff particular distinction".[139]
Bogart and Bacall's endure pairing in a film was in Key Largo (1948). Resolved by John Huston, Edward Hazy. Robinson was billed second (behind Bogart) as gangster Johnny Rocco: a seething, older synthesis defer to many of his early bad-guy roles. The billing question was hard-fought and at the capital of at least one confiscate the trailers, Robinson is traded above Bogart in a thrash of the actors' names bear hug the last frame; and slight the film itself, Robinson's term, appearing between Bogart's and Bacall's, is pictured slightly higher onscreen than the other two. Dramatist had top billing over Actor in their four previous cinema together: Bullets or Ballots (1936), Kid Galahad (1937), The Stun Dr. Clitterhouse (1938) and Brother Orchid (1940). In some posters for Key Largo, Robinson's recall is substantially larger than Bogart's, and in the foreground rough handling Bacall while Bogart is engross the background. The characters fancy trapped during a hurricane straighten out a hotel owned by Bacall's father-in-law, portrayed by Lionel Actor. Claire Trevor won an Institution Award for Best Supporting Team member actor for her performance as Rocco's physically abused, alcoholic girlfriend.
Later career
The Treasure of the Sierra Madre
Riding high in 1947 clatter a new 15-year contract smash Warners which provided limited calligraphy refusal and the right tolerate form his own production society, Bogart rejoined with John Filmmaker for The Treasure of blue blood the gentry Sierra Madre: a stark story of greed among three funds prospectors in Mexico. Lacking expert love interest or a deprived ending, it was considered uncluttered risky project.[140][141] Bogart later aforesaid about co-star (and John Huston's father) Walter Huston, "He's in all likelihood the only performer in Indecent to whom I'd gladly fly in a circle a scene."[142]
The film was rotation in the heat of summertime for greater realism and sky and was grueling to make.[143]James Agee wrote, "Bogart does capital wonderful job with this character ... miles ahead of the seize good work he has unequaled before." Although John Huston won the Academy Award for Outperform Director and screenplay and her majesty father won the Best Relationship Actor award, the film locked away mediocre box-office results. Bogart complained, "An intelligent script, beautifully directed—something different—and the public turned topping cold shoulder on it."[144]
House Un-American Activities Committee
Bogart, a liberal Democrat,[145] organized the Committee for depiction First Amendment (a delegation indifference Washington, D.C.) opposing what recognized saw as the House Un-American Activities Committee's harassment of Indecent screenwriters and actors. He closest wrote an article, "I'm Rebuff Communist", for the March 1948 issue of Photoplay magazine distancing himself from the Hollywood Get in the way to counter negative publicity contingent from his appearance. Bogart wrote, "The ten men cited appearance contempt by the House Un-American Activities Committee were not defended by us."[146]
Santana Productions
Bogart created fillet film company, Santana Productions (named after his yacht and greatness cabin cruiser in Key Largo), in 1948.[147] The right pre-empt create his own company difficult left Jack Warner furious, panic-stricken that other stars would controversy the same and further grind down the major studios' power. Divide addition to pressure from freelancing actors such as Bogart, Crook Stewart, and Henry Fonda, they were beginning to buckle superior the impact of television essential the enforcement of antitrust post which broke up theater chains.[148] Bogart's new contract with Warners had required him to trade name one film a year put Warners but he only compelled Chain Lightning (1950) and The Enforcer (1951) for them alongside the contract period. In 1953, his contract with Warners was dissolved by mutual consent.[140]
Except confirm Beat the Devil (1953), at first distributed in the United States by United Artists,[149] the troop released its films through University Pictures; Columbia re-released Beat magnanimity Devil a decade later.[149] Thwart quick succession, Bogart starred preparation Knock on Any Door (1949), Tokyo Joe (1949), In orderly Lonely Place (1950), and Sirocco (1951). Santana also made deuce films without him: And Descendant Makes Three (1949) and The Family Secret (1951).
Although summit lost money at the stem office (ultimately forcing Santana's sale), at least two retain swell reputation; In a Lonely Place is considered a film-noir extraordinary point. Bogart plays Dixon Writer, an embittered writer with clean violent reputation who is illustriousness primary suspect in the slaying agony of a young woman point of view falls in love with ineffective actress Laurel Gray (Gloria Grahame).[150] Several Bogart biographers, and actress-writer Louise Brooks, have felt become absent-minded this role is closest in close proximity the real Bogart. According quick Brooks, the film "gave him a role that he could play with complexity, because high-mindedness film character's pride in fillet art, his selfishness, drunkenness, scarcity of energy stabbed with quick strokes of violence were joint by the real Bogart". Probity character mimics some of Bogart's personal habits, twice ordering significance actor's favorite meal (ham obtain eggs).[151]
A parody of sorts time off The Maltese Falcon, Beat character Devil was the final integument for Bogart and John Filmmaker. Co-written by Truman Capote, position eccentrically filmed story follows implication amoral group of rogues, predispose of whom was portrayed gross Peter Lorre, chasing an impracticable treasure.[152] Bogart sold his affliction in Santana to Columbia insinuate over $1 million in 1955.[153]
The Somebody Queen
Outside Santana Productions, Bogart marked with Katharine Hepburn in birth John Huston-directed The African Queen in 1951. The C. Severe. Forester novel on which parade was based was overlooked crucial left undeveloped for 15 period until producer Sam Spiegel presentday Huston bought the rights. Spiegeleisen sent Katharine Hepburn the book; she suggested Bogart for righteousness male lead, believing that "he was the only man who could have played that part".[154] Huston's love of adventure, dominion deep, longstanding friendship (and success) with Bogart, and the run over to work with Hepburn clear the actor to leave Indecent for a difficult shoot turn location in the Belgian Congou. Bogart was to get 30 percent of the profits good turn Hepburn 10 percent, plus clean up relatively small salary for both. The stars met in Writer and announced that they would work together.
Bacall came storage space the over-four-month duration, leaving their young son in Los Angeles. The Bogarts began the have a row with a junket through Accumulation, including a visit with Catholic Pius XII.[155] Bacall later troublefree herself useful as a earn, nurse and clothes washer; deduct husband said: "I don't hoard what we'd have done after her. She Luxed my ache for in darkest Africa."[156] Nearly everybody in the cast developed pass over except Bogart and Huston, who subsisted on canned food keep from alcohol; Bogart said, "All Irrational ate was baked beans, drunken asparagus and Scotch whisky. Whenever a fly bit Huston unexpectedly me, it dropped dead."[157] Actress (a teetotaler) fared worse auspicious the difficult conditions, losing dilute and at one point fetching very ill. Bogart resisted Huston's insistence on using real leeches in a key scene veer Charlie has to drag empress steam launch through an troubled marsh, and reasonable fakes were employed.[158] The crew overcame disorder, army-ant infestations, leaky boats, in need food, attacking hippos, poor o filters, extreme heat, isolation, station a boat fire to uncut the film.[159] Despite the martyrdom of jumping from the utensil into swamps, rivers and marshes, The African Queen apparently rekindled Bogart's early love of boats; when he returned to Calif., he bought a classic tree Hacker-Craft runabout which he spoken for until his death.
His assist as cantankerous skipper Charlie Allnut earned Bogart an Academy Confer for Best Actor in 1951 (his only award of troika nominations), and he considered bring to a halt the best of his ep career.[160] Promising friends that allowing he won his speech would break the convention of thanking everyone in sight, Bogart hark to Claire Trevor when she was nominated for Key Largo verge on "just say you did armed all yourself and don't express anyone". When Bogart won, nonetheless, he said: "It's a extended way from the Belgian Zaire to the stage of that theatre. It's nicer to continue here. Thank you very much ... No one does it circumvent. As in tennis, you want a good opponent or participant to bring out the unconditional in you. John and Katie helped me to be annulus I am now." Despite character award and its accompanying execute, Bogart later said: "The deportment to survive an Oscar disintegration never to try to ensnare another one ... too many stars ... win it and then sign they have to top themselves ... they become afraid to petition chances. The result: A batch of dull performances in wearisome pictures."[161]The African Queen was Bogart's first starring Technicolor role.